A calibration/validation protocol for long/multi‐pathlength capillary waveguide spectrometers

Abstract

Long/multi-pathlength spectrometers are being employed increasingly in ocean science, but detailed calibration/validation protocols for these instruments remain unavailable. The lack of such protocols has led to the collection of absorption data from different instruments that are not always comparable. The goal of this work was to develop procedures that improve inter-laboratory data reproducibility and accuracy. A World Precision Instrument (WPI) multi-pathlength liquid capillary waveguide spectrometer along with a Shimadzu dual-beam spectrometer were employed to evaluate the proposed protocols, which address the following issues: (1) sample cross-contamination due to improper cell cleaning, (2) nonstandardized sample preparation, (3) errors in effective pathlength determination, and (4) offsets due to refractive index effects (i.e., high-salinity samples). Effective pathlength calculation is critical given that the measured and manufacturer provided pathlengths can differ significantly, with the provided pathlengths resulting in data with large variation (up to 21%) and percent error (up to 33%) when employing different pathlengths. When these proposed protocols were applied, we found that the WPI spectrometer's precision (measured as a coefficient of variation) was < 0.6% for intra-day measurements and < 1.5% for inter-day measurements, and there was < 2% error in absorbance measurements. These procedures allowed for the correction of the significant baseline offsets caused by differences in refractive index between reference and sample, by either subtracting a collected or a generated reference spectrum that matches the offset. Our results indicate that employing the procedures described herein will provide accurate, reproducible, and pathlength-independent absorption data.

Photochemical Production and Photolysis of Acrylate in Seawater

“…The capillary waveguide was cleaned by flushing with alternate rinses of Milli-Q water and MeOH. The capillary-cell path length was determined according to Cartisano et al A Rainin Rabbit-Plus peristaltic pump was used to gently pull seawater, Milli-Q water, or MeOH through the cell. CDOM absorption coefficients ( a λ ) were calculated from the corrected sample absorbance ( A λ ) and capillary-cell path length ( l ) where a λ = 2.303 A λ / l .…”

Combined Effects of pH and Borohydride Reduction on Optical Properties of Humic Substances (HS): A Comparison of Optical Models

“…A Shimadzu UVPC 2401 spectrophotometer was employed to acquire UV−visible absorption spectra. The spectrophotometric performance of this instrument was previously characterized by Cartisano et al 48 An Aminco-Bowman AB-2 and a FluoroMax4 luminescence spectrometer were employed for the fluorescence measurements (monochromator excitation and emission band-passes set to 4 nm). A Thermoscientific micro pH electrode coupled to an Orion 4 Star pH ISE benchtop meter was employed for the pH measurements.…”

Global Model for Depth‐Dependent Carbonyl Photochemical Production Rates in Seawater

“…Milli Q water was used as the blank. All spectra were corrected for baseline offsets (Cartisano et al, 2018). Measured wavelength‐dependent seawater absorbance ( A λ ) values were converted to absorption coefficients ( a λ , m −1 ) using the following expression: …”