A calibration procedure for the response of silicon surface-barrier detectors to heavy ions

Competition between the fusion-fission and deep-inelastic orbiting mechanisms in the35Cl +12C reaction

“…The energy and position calibrations for the ionization chambers, Si(SB) and PSD detectors were obtained using elastically scattered C1 projectiles from a 0.150mg/cm= Au target at 180 and 200 MeV, combined with measurements of the 5.486 MeV c~ group from an 241Am source and a pulser linearity check. Corrections were made for target thickness, energy loss (A E) in the formvar entrance window foils and pulse height defect in the silicon detectors using the Kaufman prescription [41], which remains the best available in this mass region [21 ]. The calibration of the energy loss within the gas section was deduced from measurements of the residual energy of elastically scattered beam particles, with and without gas in the ionization chambers.…”

Multiple scattering and energy loss of fast heavy ions in thin solid targets

“…The detection system was calibrated with e-particles of known energy and a precision pulser. The pulse height defect of heavy ions has been taken into account using experimental values [7,8]. The error of the pulse height defect was assumed to be 20 per cent, resulting in an error of the primary ion energy of about 2 per cent.…”

Maximum excitation energy in fusion-evaporation reactions from light particle multiplicity measurements in32S+58Ni at 25 MeV/A

“…outside the n ball) at an angle of 4 ~ The time of flight, used for the particle identification, has been measured by using the pulsed structure of the beam. In both runs the measured time of flight and energy of the heavy reaction products have been corrected for plasma delay [15] and ionisation defect [16].…”