A C-type lectin is involved in the innate immune response of Chinese white shrimp

Critical roles of sea cucumber C-type lectin in non-self recognition and bacterial clearance

“…A growing number of CTLs have recently been discovered from marine invertebrates, especially crustaceans and molluscs, including those from F. chinensis [16,21,46,47], L. vannamei [15,19,45,48], Penaeus monodon [49,50], C. farreri [18,23,24,26], A. irradians [22,25] and Crassostrea gigas [51], Crassostrea virginica [52], and Haliotis discus discus [17]. Relatively little information is available on CTLs in echinoderms, and a handful of sea cucumber CTLs have been reported, such as MBL-C (Cucumaria japonica) [53], SJL-I (S. japonicus) [35,36], MBL-AJ and AJCTL (A. japonicus) [37,38].…”

Two C-type lectins from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei that might be involved in immune response against bacteria and virus

“…This study detected the immune response pattern of the LvLectin-1 and LvLectin-2 against two potential pathogens L. anguillarum and WSSV [20,51,52]. The results showed that the expression levels of both LvLectin-1 and LvLectin-2 were significantly up-regulated post-L. anguillarum challenge, and it was similar to the immune responses of other C-type lectins after L. anguillarum stimulation [3,53e55].…”

“…This motif determined the potential galactosebinding specificity of LvLectin-2. In addition to EPN and QPD, there were still other Ca 2þ -binding sites 2 motifs in invertebrate C-type lectins, such as the motif YPT in the CRD-1 of CfLec-3 from C. farreri [47], EPS in the CRD of FcLec3, etc [17,20]. The substitution of highly conserved residues in this motif indicated great sequence diversity of C-type lectins in marine invertebrates.…”

“…LPS was the main PAMP on the surface of Gram-negative bacteria, and the structure of LPS contained both the monosaccharide D-galactose and D-mannose, which was probably the reason why most C-type lectins were able to identify the gram-negative bacteria or LPS. Compared to bacterial pathogen, WSSV was even more threatening to shrimp aquaculture [20]. Since its outbreak in 1992, WSSV had caused great economic loss in the world [20].…”

“…For instance, immulectin-1 and immulectin-2 which were isolated from the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta stimulated prophenoloxidase activation in plasma [8], and immulectin-3 specifically bound to immobilized lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid from bacteria, and to laminarin, a b-1, 3-glucan [9]. Fc-hsL and FcLec5, C-type lectins from Fenneropenaeus chinensis have antimicrobial activity against some bacteria [19,22], Additionally, FcLec3 could interact with VP28 of WSSV [20]. Though many C-type lectins have been identified, invertebrate C-type lectin is proved to be a big superfamily based on the genome analysis of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans, and it is not sufficient to clarify the systematic roles in immune defence and the reasons for its diversity merely via the current data.…”