A C₈-Modified Graphene@mSiO₂ Composites Based Method for Quantification of Gallic Acid in Rat Plasma after Oral Administration of Changtai Granule and Its Application to Pharmacokinetics

Abstract

A rapid, effective extraction technique has been established for measuring the gallic acid in rat plasma by using sandwich-structured graphene/mesoporous silica composites with C-modified interior pore-walls as adsorbent. The unique characteristics of the graphene-silica composites excluded large molecules, like proteins, from the mesopore channels as a result of size exclusion effect, leading to a direct extraction of drug molecules from protein-rich biological samples such as plasma without any other pretreatment procedure. Followed by elution and centrifugation, the gallic acid-absorbed composites were rapidly isolated before LC-MS/MS. Serving as a reliable tool for analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Changtai Granule, the newly developed method was fully validated and successfully applied in the pharmacokinetic study of gallic acid in rat plasma. Extraction recovery, matrix effect and stability were satisfactory in rat plasma. According to the results of pharmacokinetic studies, Changtai Granule exhibited greater adsorption, distribution and clearance properties of gallic acid in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Hence, this study may offer a valuable alternative to simplify and speed up sample preparation, and be useful for clinical studies of related preparations.

Phenolic Acids of Plant Origin—A Review on Their Antioxidant Activity In Vitro (O/W Emulsion Systems) Along with Their in Vivo Health Biochemical Properties

“…The authors reported that a Paclitaxel/GA combination could represent a promising alternative with lower side effects for Paclitaxel/Carboplatin combinations in treatment of cervical cancer. Recent pharmacokinetic human and animal clinical studies were based on Chinese GA-based patented medicines but further investigation is needed on the GA kinetic profile after dietary supplementation before drawing any conclusion for its efficacy against pathological conditions [105]. Paolini et al (2015) [106] performed a study to explore the potential of GA as a promising new anticancer drug.…”

Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Gallic Acid After Oral Administration of Gallic Acid Monohydrate in Normal and Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarcted Rats

“…Gallic acid is an endogenous polyphenol found abundantly in medicinal plant. In recent years, some pharmacokinetic studies on crude drugs and/or Chinese patented medicines which content GA has been performed on healthy volunteers ( Shahrzad and Bitsch, 1998 ) and normal animals ( Xu et al, 2017 ; Zhu et al, 2017 ). However, considerable uncertainty remains due to the lack of comprehensive kinetic profiles after administration of GA monomer in vivo , especially under pathological condition.…”

“…Consistently with the extensive research into the cardioprotective activities of GA, a few reports had addressed the disposition profiles of GA in vivo . C8-modified graphene@mSiO2 composites based method and UPLC–MS/MS method have been applied to the kinetic studies of GA ( Ma et al, 2015 ; Xu et al, 2017 ; Zhu et al, 2017 ). However, most of these work were carried out with the administration of crude drugs and/or Chinese patented medicines which content GA. Only in a few work, e.g., the previous studies of Shahrzad and Bitsch (1998) , Yasuda et al (2000) , and Shahrzad et al (2001) , metabolic and primary pharmacokinetic properties of GA were studied with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods after oral administration of GA monomer.…”

Improving Bioavailability of Gallic Acid and Quercetin by Designing Polymeric Nanoparticle Formulation

“…In our study, we have compared polyherbal nanoparticle study with a polyherbal extract containing both the biomolecules, utilized 100mg/kg of gallic acid and quercetin in nanoformulation which was lower than the polyherbal extract containing gallic acid and quercetin 400 mg/kg here all data summarized in table no 2. [29]…”