A business-oriented approach for battery energy storage placement in power systems

Investigating the participation of battery energy storage systems in the Nordic ancillary services markets from a business perspective

“…BESS allocation at different voltage levels influences the installation charges and electricity tariffs charged to the BESS owner [50]. Generally, BESSs at lower voltage levels have higher installation charges due to more transformers, substations, and electrical facilities being used [51]. For cases when MW/MWh capacity of a BESS is high, its connection to the grid may also have an impact on various network components.…”

“…Other factors such as BESS allocation location, DTR of transmission lines, and RES availability at installation site, would also impact the overall business potential of BESS projects. For example, as addressed in [51] BESS units connected to the lowvoltage grid level in DK2 are charged a monthly electricity tariff of 97.47 øre/kWh when charged at the peak load hours which is higher than the electricity tariff at medium voltage grid-level of 26.18 øre/ kWh. However, depending on the unique requirements of their BESS projects, these considerations may vary and must be accounted for on case-by-case basis.…”

Small-Scale Battery Energy Storage System for Testing Algorithms Aimed at Peak Power Reduction

“…Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are currently widely implemented in modern power systems and are aimed at various applications, including frequency regulation, black start, capacity reserve, transmission and distribution congestion relief, renewable integration and flexible ramping, voltage regulation, seasonal storage, demand shifting and peak power reduction [1,2]. In this article, the authors focus on a small-scale system for algorithm testing in areas such as peak power reduction or voltage sags and swell.…”

Construction method of ancillary emergency backup service based on battery energy storage system

“…There are many literatures analyzing BESS participation in the market from the perspective of game theory [27,28,29,30] . But from the market designer's point of view, the mechanism also needs to be carefully designed to accommodate BESS participation.…”