“…In this context, genetic biocontainment involves manipulating microbe genomes to prevent the engineered organism's unintended proliferation, spread, or persistence outside the designated environment [36,37]. Biocontainment strategies have been devised for different microorganisms using genetic code modification [38,39], auxotrophy [40,41], kill switches [42,43], dependence on unnatural amino acids [44,45] and combinations of different systems [46,47].…”