A broadband array antenna using epsilon-near-zero metamaterials for MIMO applications

Abstract

In this article, the capability of epsilon‐near‐zero (ENZ) metamaterial (MTM) to reduce mutual coupling between densely packed array elements is examined. The results show a reduction in mutual coupling between antenna elements and provide a possible way to reduce the element separation. To verify and confirm the simulation results, a prototype of the proposed ENZ structure incorporating an array of closely implemented patch antennas, 0.12λ L, are fabricated and tested. The array antenna has an overall dimension of approximately 2.66λ L × 1.75λ L × 0.05λ L while achieving an average gain and efficiency of 7 dB and 85%, respectively. Measurement shows that the mutual coupling is mostly better than −20 dB across a broad bandwidth of >2.6:1 (10.5–27.7 GHz).

A Review on Different Techniques of Mutual Coupling Reduction Between Elements of Any MIMO Antenna. Part 2: Metamaterials and Many More

“…A pair of SRR has been placed between the rectangular patch antenna (M. U. Khan & Sharawi, 2014; A. Kumar, Ansari, Kanaujia, & Kishor, 2018), while three CSRRs are loaded on its ground plane (Ramachandran et al., 2016), and four SRRs are arranged together to form a ring (Ramachandran et al., 2017) to suppress the MC as represented in Figures 1b–1d respectively. Among many of the popular methods based on MTMs, some are mentioned here: CSRR loaded ground (S. Kumar et al., 2018), three pairs of slotted‐CSRRs (Bait‐Suwailam, Siddiqui, et al., 2010) as represented in Figure 2a, single‐negative magnetic (MNG) MTM (Bait‐Suwailam, Boybay, et al., 2010) as described in Figure 2b, square‐shaped CSRR (Selvaraju et al., 2018a), Hilbert‐shaped magnetic waveguided MTMs (H. X. Xu et al., 2013), three‐dimensional (3‐D) novel MTM structures (K. Yu et al., 2018), bridge square SRR (Al‐fayyadh & Alsabbagh, 2017), MTM‐inspired resonators (Hsu et al., 2011; Iqbal et al., 2018), SRR along with DGS (Irene & Rajesh, 2018a), capacitively loaded loop MTM superstrate (Alibakhshikenari, Salvucci, et al., 2018; Jafargholi et al., 2019), epsilon‐near‐zero metamaterials (Mazaheri & Jafargholi, 2018), two columns of opposite faced CSRR (Selvaraju et al., 2018b),…”

“…Among many of the popular methods based on MTMs, some are mentioned here: CSRR loaded ground (S. , three pairs of slotted-CSRRs (Bait-Suwailam, Siddiqui, et al, 2010) as represented in Figure 2a, single-negative magnetic (MNG) MTM (Bait-Suwailam, Boybay, et al, 2010) as described in Figure 2b, square-shaped CSRR (Selvaraju et al, 2018a), Hilbert-shaped magnetic waveguided MTMs (H. X. Xu et al, 2013), three-dimensional (3-D) novel MTM structures (K. Yu et al, 2018), bridge square SRR (Al-fayyadh & Alsabbagh, 2017), MTM-inspired resonators (Hsu et al, 2011;Iqbal et al, 2018), SRR along with DGS (Irene & Rajesh, 2018a), capacitively loaded loop MTM superstrate (Alibakhshikenari, Salvucci, et al, 2018;Jafargholi et al, 2019), epsilon-near-zero metamaterials (Mazaheri & Jafargholi, 2018), two columns of opposite faced CSRR (Selvaraju et al, 2018b), Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) (Abdelgwad & Ali, 2020;Abedin & Ali, 2005;Abidin et al, 2018;Alam et al, 2013;Alibakhshikenari et al, 2019aAlibakhshikenari et al, , 2019bChen et al, 2018;Dabas et al, 2018;Ebadi & Semnani, 2014;Exposito-Dominguez et al, 2012;Farahani et al, 2010;Iqbal et al, 2019;; J. D. Shumpert, T. J. Ellis, G. M. Rebeiz, 1997; T. T. Jiang et al, 2018;John, 1987;Kapoor, 2013;Kim et al, 2011;J. Kumar, 2016;N.…”

Creation of Metamaterials by Dynamic-Evolutionary Method of Calculation of Transmission Line With Distributed Parameters

“…Для физической реализации LHM (left-hand materials) в основном используются два подхода: 1) реализация в виде искусственно создаваемой «среды» из открытых колебательных контуров, содержащей тонкие проводящие стержни и разомкнутые рамки. Размеры «элементарных ячеек» 0   , чем длина волны распространяемых волн в «среде», т. е. метаматериала; такая система в настоящее время достаточно хорошо разработана [6][7][8][9][10][11]. 2) Реализация в виде линии передачи информации, в которой возможны «обратные» волны (back wave), являющиеся нерезонансными структурами.…”

“…1. Проявление свойств метавещества при облучении монохраматическим источником электромагнитного излучения большой мощьностью (в ближней зоне облучения) [12] Первый способ реализации является историческим [1] и развивается непрерывно до последних лет [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Он фактически достиг своего физического предела, индуктивные и емкостные элементы не могут быть построены беспредельно малыми.…”