A Brillouin scattering study of the hydration of Li‐ and Na‐DNA films

Lee, S. A.; Lindsay, Stuart; Powell, J. W.; Weidlich, T.; Tao, Nongjian; Lewen, G. D.; Rupprecht, A.

doi:10.1002/bip.360261002

Cited by 98 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Phase matching for SBS is thus defined by both 1 arXiv:1408.1739v2 [physics.optics] 11 Aug 2014 energy and momentum conservation, and is satisfied in back-scattering only by multi-GHz phonon modes in most solids. SBS is frequently used for optical gain [3,13], laser linewidth narrowing [14], optical phase conjugation [15], dynamic gratings [16], and even material characterization and microscopy [17][18][19][20][21][22]. The applications of SBS in superluminal and slow light experiments have been recognized as well [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-reciprocal Brillouin scattering induced transparency

et al. 2015

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Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) [1,2] provides a powerful mechanism for controlling light propagation in a dielectric medium, and for producing slow and fast light. EIT traditionally arises from destructive interference induced by a nonradiative coherence in an atomic system. Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) of light from propagating hypersonic acoustic waves [3] has also been used successfully for the generation of slow and fast light [4][5][6][7]. However, EIT-type processes based on SBS were considered infeasible because of the short coherence lifetime of hypersonic phonons. Here, we report a new Brillouin scattering induced transparency (BSIT) phenomenon generated by acousto-optic interaction of light with long-lived propagating phonons [8,9]. We demonstrate that BSIT is uniquely non-reciprocal due to the propagating acoustic phonon wave and accompanying momentum conservation requirement. Using a silica microresonator having naturally occurring forward-SBS phasematched modal configuration [8,9], we show that BSIT enables compact and ultralow-power slow-light generation with delay-bandwidth product comparable to state-of-the-art SBS systems. [3,10,11] is a fundamental materiallevel nonlinearity occurring in all states of matter [12] in which two optical fields are coupled to a traveling acoustic wave through photoelastic scattering and electrostriction. The light fields scatter from the periodic photoelastic perturbation generated by the traveling acoustic wave, while simultaneously writing a spatiotemporally beating electrostriction force whose momentum and frequency matches the acoustic wave. Phase matching for SBS is thus defined by both 1 arXiv:1408.1739v2 [physics.optics] 11 Aug 2014 energy and momentum conservation, and is satisfied in back-scattering only by multi-GHz phonon modes in most solids. SBS is frequently used for optical gain [3,13], laser linewidth narrowing [14], optical phase conjugation [15], dynamic gratings [16], and even material characterization and microscopy [17][18][19][20][21][22]. The applications of SBS in superluminal and slow light experiments have been recognized as well [4][5][6][7]. However, unlike the case of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) [1,2], the generation of transparency with SBS has never been demonstrated. This is because in typical Brillouin scattering pump-probe systems the lifetimes of phonons at multi-GHz frequencies are much shorter than the photon lifetimes [3,23,24], effectively disabling the coherent interference of probe Stokes scattering and pump anti-Stokes scattering pathways. In a forward-scattering SBS system however, this lifetime relationship can be reversed by coupling the light fields through a low-frequency long-lived phonon mode as shown recently in the experimental demonstration of forward-SBS lasing [8] and Brillouin cooling [9]. Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS)Nonlinear optical processes such as EIT need to satisfy the energy-momentum conservation, leading to the phase-matching requirement. For...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-reciprocal Brillouin scattering induced transparency

et al. 2015

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“…The variation of the hydration of the oriented DNA fibers means that the water content and thus the DNA-DNA helix axis separation is varied. 15 In addition, we have studied the salt dependence of the 7Li+ quadrupolar splitting of a sample in equilibrium with a C2H60D-D20-LiC1 solution. This setup has enabled us to vary the salt content in an individual sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of the quadrupolar NMR splittings of ⁷Li⁺, ²³Na⁺, and ¹³³Cs⁺ counterions in macroscopically oriented DNA fibers

1992

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The hydration and temperature dependencies of the 23Na+, 133Cs+, and 7Li+ quadrupolar splitting have been determined in hydrated, macroscopically oriented DNA fibers. At low water contents the quadrupolar splitting is found to decrease as the water content increases, regardless of counterion, while at high water contents the hydration dependence is reversed. The 23Na+ and 133Cs+ quadrupolar splittings decrease as the temperature increases, while the 7Li+ splitting shows the opposite behavior. At high water contents the 23Na+ and 133Cs+ splittings decrease, and then, after passing zero splitting, increase as the temperature increases. The interpretation of the temperature dependence is discussed in terms of a two-site model (free and bound ions) and a three-site model (free ions and specifically or nonspecifically bound ions). It is suggested that a three-site model is more consistent with the data for the present system. At high water contents, the temperature dependence of the 7Li+ splitting vanishes, indicating counterion condensation. The behavior of the 7Li+ splitting is confirmed by measurements on DNA fibers in equilibrium with a C2H5OD-D2O-LiCl solution. The salt dependence in this system is weak. The counterion quadrupolar splitting is seen to be very sensitive to structural transitions in double-helical DNA.

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“…These values are considerably higher than the modulus of about 300 MPa that was determined in single-molecule stretching experiments in solution (6,22). However, Brillouin scattering studies have previously found that at low levels of hydration, the modulus of DNA films strongly increases to values of 9.3-11.6 GPa at a relative humidity of 23% (21,23). Our results are therefore consistent with a low level of DNA hydration, and this justifies our choice of the value for the density of DNA.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Biomechanics of DNA structures visualized by 4D electron microscopy

Lorenz

Zewail

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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We present a technique for in situ visualization of the biomechanics of DNA structural networks using 4D electron microscopy. Vibrational oscillations of the DNA structure are excited mechanically through a short burst of substrate vibrations triggered by a laser pulse. Subsequently, the motion is probed with electron pulses to observe the impulse response of the specimen in space and time. From the frequency and amplitude of the observed oscillations, we determine the normal modes and eigenfrequencies of the structures involved. Moreover, by selective "nano-cutting" at a given point in the network, it was possible to obtain Young's modulus, and hence the stiffness, of the DNA filament at that position. This experimental approach enables nanoscale mechanics studies of macromolecules and should find applications in other domains of biological networks such as origamis.nanomechanical properties | ultrafast electron microscopy I n macroscopic engineering of structures, the nature of mechanical motions is critical for their robustness and function, as evidenced in the design of colossal structures from the Pyramids to the Eiffel Tower. Our modern-day quest for miniaturization has led to the construction of ever more sophisticated nanoscale structures and devices, defining new frontiers in materials science and nanotechnology (1). Biological nanostructures and nanomachines have also attracted considerable interest, and efforts are directed at harnessing their power for the construction of devices with novel functions (2). A prominent example is DNA nanotechnology, which exploits the fact that DNA can be programmed and made to self-assemble into complex structures and functional devices (3-5). For all of these structures and applications, the need continues for the development of suitable tools that enable the visualization of these nanoscopic systems and the control of their properties.Progress has been made in the development of techniques involving single-molecule stretching and nano-indentation (6-9) to access the intrinsic force of biological structures. Recently, ultrafast electron microscopy (UEM) has been developed to directly visualize nanomechanical motions in space and time (10, 11). The applications span a range of materials properties, including the drumming of a thin graphite membrane (12), vibrations of carbon nanotubes (13), molecular nanocrystals (14), and bimetallic nanostructures fabricated with nanoelectromechanical systems technology (15). Although it appears promising to extend these techniques to the investigation of the material properties of individual biological nanostructures, several additional challenges had to be overcome.In UEM experiments, a short laser pulse is used to excite the specimen and trigger coherent motions, which are probed with the electron pulses. However, many biological systems do not possess a suitable chromophore and may be susceptible to photodamage, as we expect for the DNA nanostructures investigated here (16). The dynamics are usually recorded in stroboscopic mode,...

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A Brillouin scattering study of the hydration of Li‐ and Na‐DNA films

Cited by 98 publications

References 31 publications

Non-reciprocal Brillouin scattering induced transparency

Non-reciprocal Brillouin scattering induced transparency

A study of the quadrupolar NMR splittings of ⁷Li⁺, ²³Na⁺, and ¹³³Cs⁺ counterions in macroscopically oriented DNA fibers

Biomechanics of DNA structures visualized by 4D electron microscopy

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A Brillouin scattering study of the hydration of Li‐ and Na‐DNA films

Cited by 98 publications

References 31 publications

Non-reciprocal Brillouin scattering induced transparency

Non-reciprocal Brillouin scattering induced transparency

A study of the quadrupolar NMR splittings of 7Li+, 23Na+, and 133Cs+ counterions in macroscopically oriented DNA fibers

Biomechanics of DNA structures visualized by 4D electron microscopy

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A study of the quadrupolar NMR splittings of ⁷Li⁺, ²³Na⁺, and ¹³³Cs⁺ counterions in macroscopically oriented DNA fibers