A Brief Update on the Treatment of Hepatitis C

Austria, Alyssa M.; Ninčević, Vjera; Wu, George Y.

doi:10.5772/intechopen.70685

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In the USA, chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is one of the most significant causes of liver-related death and the most common indication for liver transplantation 1. Recently, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported about 30,500 new cases of HCV in the USA, and estimated the number of chronic cases to be 2.7–3.9 million 2. It should be emphasized that every year more than 350,000 patients die from HCV-related liver diseases, and mortality rates in HCV-infected patients are three times higher than those in the general population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HCV Extrahepatic Manifestations

Kuna¹,

Jakab²,

Stoehr³

et al. 2019

Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been shown to affect many tissues other than liver. However, of the many extrahepatic manifestations (EMs) that have been associated with HCV, including cryoglobulinemia, lymphoma, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and neurological disorders, only a few have been shown to be directly related to HCV infection of extrahepatic tissues. HCV-triggered immune-mediated mechanisms account for most of the EMs. It is estimated that up to 74% of patients with chronic hepatitis C can develop at least one EM. All HCV patients with EMs should be considered for antiviral therapy, although not all will resolve with sustained virological response.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HCV Extrahepatic Manifestations

Kuna¹,

Jakab²,

Stoehr³

et al. 2019

Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology

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“…12,13 In chronic diffuse liver diseases, changes are also observed in the periodontium. 1,14,15,16 An important discovery in hepatology was the establishment of the possibility of extrahepatic replication of hepatitis B and C viruses in the cells of the skin and mucous membranes; 17,18 vascular intima; tissues of bone marrow, blood, lymph nodes and spleen. Particular attention is drawn to the evidence of active replication of the virus in circulating macrophages -monocytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Clinical and Morphological Lesions of the Oral Mucosa And Periodontium With Viral Hepatitis C

Azatyan,

Yessayan,

Azbekyan

2023

JBSMFS

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Background: Interest in the study of combined pathology has recently been explained by the accumulation of new facts, the emergence of new information about interorgan, intertissue and intercellular levels of interactionin the system of the whole organism. Studies of the oral cavity in chronic diffuse liver diseases are of great interest to clinicians, since pathological processes developing in the liver, as a rule, lead to organic and functional disorders in the oral mucosa. The aim of this study was to study the clinical and morphological lesions of the oral mucosa and periodontium in viral hepatitis C. Material and methods: 196 patients were examined, of which: the control group consisted of 100 patients with lesions of the oral mucosa (OM) and periodontal disease who were not diagnosed with HCV and 96 patients of the main study group. Dental status was studied. A pathological examination was carried out. Results: HCV patients group included 96 (63.5% males) and non-HCV group - 100 subjects (62.0% males) with lesions of oral mucous membrane. The lesions of lips and oral mucosa were more frequent in HCV than in the non-HCV group – e.g. erosion (13.5% vs 1%), cracks in the mouth corners (42.7% vs 0%), changes of oral mucosa surface (89.6% vs 3.0%), hemorrhages - (78.1% vs 0%) etc. Conclusion: Thus, during the clinical examination of patients with HCV, the average severity of periodontal damage prevailed. Numerous morphological features can be divided into those that are indicators of the severity and activity of inflammation.

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“…Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is also common, affecting 2.7--3.9 million Americans [9], and occurs more frequently in PWH [10]. Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) medications have made HCV curable [11], prompting increased screening [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV, hepatitis C virus and risk of new-onset left ventricular dysfunction in women

Shitole

Lazar

Hanna

et al. 2021

Aids

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Background: HIV and HCV have each been linked with cardiac dysfunction. Studies of HIV have often lacked appropriate controls and primarily involved men, whereas data for HCV are sparse.Methods: We performed repeat echocardiography over a median interval of 12 years in participants from the Women's Interagency HIV Study in order to evaluate the relationships of HIV and HCV with incident left ventricular (LV) dysfunction (systolic or diastolic).Results: Of the 311 women included (age 39 AE 9), 70% were HIV-positive and 20% HCV-positive. Forty three participants (13.8%) developed LV dysfunction, of which 79.1% was diastolic. Compared with participants with neither infection, the group with HIV-HCV coinfection showed a significantly increased risk of incident LV dysfunction after adjustment for risk factors [RR ¼ 2.96 (95% CI ¼ 1.05-8.31)], but associations for the HCV monoinfected and HIV monoinfected groups were not statistically significant [RR ¼ 2.54 (0.83-7.73) and RR ¼ 1.66 (0.65-4.25), respectively]. Comparison of HCVpositive and HCV-negative women showed a significantly increased risk independent of covariates [RR ¼ 1.96 (1.02-3.77)] but this was not the case for HIV-positive vs. HIVnegative women [RR ¼ 1.43 (0.76-2.69)]. There was no evidence of HCV-by-HIV interaction. A more restrictive definition of LV diastolic dysfunction led to fewer incident cases, but a similar, though nonsignificant, risk estimate for HCV.Conclusion: Among mostly middle-aged women, HCV but not HIV infection was associated with a pronounced risk of incident LV dysfunction. Although the influence of residual confounding cannot be excluded, these findings bolster the potential benefits that could be realized by adopting recent recommendations for expanding HCV screening and treatment.

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A Brief Update on the Treatment of Hepatitis C

Cited by 7 publications

References 44 publications

HCV Extrahepatic Manifestations

HCV Extrahepatic Manifestations

The Clinical and Morphological Lesions of the Oral Mucosa And Periodontium With Viral Hepatitis C

HIV, hepatitis C virus and risk of new-onset left ventricular dysfunction in women

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