A Brief Review on the Non-protein Amino Acid, Gamma-amino Butyric Acid (GABA): Its Production and Role in Microbes

Sarasa, Sabna Bhaskaran; Mahendran, Ratha; Muthusamy, Gayathri; Thankappan, Bency; Selta, Daniel Raja Femil; Angayarkanni, Jayaraman

doi:10.1007/s00284-019-01839-w

Cited by 133 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid that is widely distributed in plants, animals and microorganisms 1 , 2 . GABA is synthetized by a pyridocal-5′-phosphate (PLP)—dependent glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) enzyme by irreversible α-decarboxylation of l -glutamate and consummation of one cytoplasmic proton 1 , 2 . GABA has several well-known physiological and psychological functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GABA has several well-known physiological and psychological functions. Different studies highlighted that it is predominantly present in the brain where it acts as a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) 1 , 2 . Specifically, dysfunctions in GABA metabolism are involved in anxiety and depression 3 – 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bifidobacterium adolescentis as a key member of the human gut microbiota in the production of GABA

Duranti

Ruíz

Lugli

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

193

107

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Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter playing a key role in anxiety and depression disorders in mammals. Recent studies revealed that members of the gut microbiota are able to produce GABA modulating the gut-brain axis response. Among members of the human gut microbiota, bifidobacteria are well known to establish many metabolic and physiologic interactions with the host. In this study, we performed genome analyses of more than 1,000 bifidobacterial strains publicly available revealing that Bifidobacterium adolescentis taxon might represent a model GABA producer in human gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, the in silico screening of human/animal metagenomic datasets showed an intriguing association/correlation between B. adolescentis load and mental disorders such as depression and anxiety. Interestingly, in vitro screening of 82 B. adolescentis strains allowed identifying two high GABA producers, i.e. B. adolescentis PRL2019 and B. adolescentis HD17T2H, which were employed in an in vivo trial in rats. Feeding Groningen rats with a supplementation of B. adolescentis strains, confirmed the ability of these microorganisms to stimulate the in vivo production of GABA highlighting their potential implication in gut-brain axis interactions. Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid that is widely distributed in plants, animals and microorganisms 1,2. GABA is synthetized by a pyridocal-5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) enzyme by irreversible α-decarboxylation of l-glutamate and consummation of one cytoplasmic proton 1,2. GABA has several well-known physiological and psychological functions. Different studies highlighted that it is predominantly present in the brain where it acts as a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) 1,2. Specifically, dysfunctions in GABA metabolism are involved in anxiety and depression 3-5. Furthermore, it is involved in the regulation of blood pressure and heart rate and plays a role in the perception of pain and anxiety 5,6. Other potential health benefits of GABA are control of growth hormone secretion, protection against glycerol-induced acute renal failure in rats and anti-proliferative activity 7. Recently, the term "psychobiotic" has been introduced to designate live bacterial strains, including lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, which are able to influence the CNS function 8. There are several compounds produced by these bacteria, such as proteins, peptides and components of cell wall that are potential mediators between bacteria and their hosts. Neurotransmitters, such as GABA, represent an example of neuroactive molecules

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bifidobacterium adolescentis as a key member of the human gut microbiota in the production of GABA

Duranti

Ruíz

Lugli

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

193

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…GABA is stored in vesicles and then released by exocytosis into the synaptic space. Its coupling to GABA receptors-GABARs (α/A, β/B, γ/C) and their subunits induces the opening of K + ion channels to allow for the efflux of K + and the influx of Cl – , resulting in hyperpolarization and a decrease in neuronal excitability ( Sarasa et al, 2020 ). By contrast, GABA B R are GPCRs ( Lu and Inman, 2009 ).…”

Section: Gamma-amino Butyric Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroimmune Pathophysiology in Asthma

Pavón-Romero

Serrano-Pérez

García-Sánchez

et al. 2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Asthma is a chronic inflammation of lower airway disease, characterized by bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Type I hypersensitivity underlies all atopic diseases including allergic asthma. However, the role of neurotransmitters (NT) and neuropeptides (NP) in this disease has been less explored in comparison with inflammatory mechanisms. Indeed, the airway epithelium contains pulmonary neuroendocrine cells filled with neurotransmitters (serotonin and GABA) and neuropeptides (substance P[SP], neurokinin A [NKA], vasoactive intestinal peptide [VIP], Calcitonin-gene related peptide [CGRP], and orphanins-[N/OFQ]), which are released after allergen exposure. Likewise, the autonomic airway fibers produce acetylcholine (ACh) and the neuropeptide Y(NPY). These NT/NP differ in their effects; SP, NKA, and serotonin exert pro-inflammatory effects, whereas VIP, N/OFQ, and GABA show anti-inflammatory activity. However, CGPR and ACh have dual effects. For example, the ACh-M3 axis induces goblet cell metaplasia, extracellular matrix deposition, and bronchoconstriction; the CGRP-RAMP1 axis enhances Th2 and Th9 responses; and the SP-NK1R axis promotes the synthesis of chemokines in eosinophils, mast cells, and neutrophils. In contrast, the ACh-α7nAChR axis in ILC2 diminishes the synthesis of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6, attenuating lung inflammation whereas, VIP-VPAC1, N/OFQ-NOP axes cause bronchodilation and anti-inflammatory effects. Some NT/NP as 5-HT and NKA could be used as biomarkers to monitor asthma patients. In fact, the asthma treatment based on inhaled corticosteroids and anticholinergics blocks M3 and TRPV1 receptors. Moreover, the administration of experimental agents such as NK1R/NK2R antagonists and exogenous VIP decrease inflammatory mediators, suggesting that regulating the effects of NT/NP represents a potential novel approach for the treatment of asthma.

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“…This deamination reaction is reversible and usually coupled to the amination and deamination of keto and amino acids such as oxaloacetate and aspartate. One of the most interesting biochemicals derived from deaminated glutamate is γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries as a chief inhibitory neurotransmitter 95. GABA is primarily synthesized by the glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) enzyme and several research groups have reported the heterologous production of GABA in engineered microorganisms 96, 97.…”

Section: Deamination Of Amino Acids For Pharmaceutical and Food Industry Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen‐Neutral Amino Acids Refinery: Deamination of Amino Acids for Bio‐Alcohol and Ammonia Production

Choi

2021

ChemBioEng Reviews

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Amino acids are a valuable bioresource that contains both the acid form of carbon and the amine group of nitrogen. Amino acids not only constitute proteins and the building blocks for living organisms but also provide a key intermediate for controlling the nitrogen balance in cells. The production of amino acids using microorganisms has, along with the development of biotechnology, created a large market for biochemicals. In parallel, there have been various biochemical production methods using pulmonary proteins or direct amino acids as biomass through enzymatic bioconversion or whole‐cell biotransformation. The deamination of amino acids facilitated the applications of 2‐keto and acrylic acids, in particular, for biofuels of bio alcohol, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, as building blocks for polymers, and other versatile industrial chemicals. In this review, we report on the application of amino acids derived from biochemicals initiated by deamination reactions using deaminase, ammonia‐lyase, and oxidase enzymes for biotechnology applications.

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A Brief Review on the Non-protein Amino Acid, Gamma-amino Butyric Acid (GABA): Its Production and Role in Microbes

Cited by 133 publications

References 86 publications

Bifidobacterium adolescentis as a key member of the human gut microbiota in the production of GABA

Bifidobacterium adolescentis as a key member of the human gut microbiota in the production of GABA

Neuroimmune Pathophysiology in Asthma

Nitrogen‐Neutral Amino Acids Refinery: Deamination of Amino Acids for Bio‐Alcohol and Ammonia Production

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