A Brief Review on Recent Lab-on-Chip and Nanotechnology driven advances in Salivary Biomarkers Biosensing for oral disease diagnosis

Abstract

Salivary diagnostics offers a promising method for early diagnosis, prognosis, and post-therapy monitoring. Saliva contains various hormones, proteins, enzymes, antibodies, antimicrobial constituents, and cytokines that can provide diagnostic information. Saliva is easy to collect, non- invasive, cost-effective, and can be easily stored and transported, making it a valuable tool for diagnosis and monitoring of various diseases. Salivary biomarkers can be used for early detection, diagnosis, and monitoring of disease progression, as well as predicting treatment response. Saliva has been identified as a promising diagnostic fluid for detecting various oral diseases such as dental caries, periodontal disease, and oral cancer. This review explores the latest advancements in identifying biomarkers for prevalent oral diseases and the biosensing technologies that can detect these biomarkers with enhanced sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy, and practicality.