A Brief Review on Methanol-Fuelled Vehicles (MFV) in China and Implementation Policy

Proof-of-Concept of the Integrated Methanol Reforming-Desalination Fuel Cell System: Effect of CO2 and CO on Cell’s Performance

“…Numerous studies have proposed the idea of a methanol-based economy, and there has been significant progress in its renewable production and usage . China, for instance, has adopted a policy to utilize methanol as a fuel for transport . This increased interest from the energy sector and chemical industry, and the potential for renewable methanol production, makes the methanol economy a feasible option. , Methanol can be produced from CO 2 and green H 2 and then be converted back to H 2 on demand. , The following reactions describe the methanol steam reforming system: CH 3 OH + H 2 normalO ⇌ 3 H 2 + CO 2 , goodbreak0em1em⁣ normalΔ H 0 = 49.4 0.25em [ kJ / mol ] H 2 + CO 2 ⇌ CO + H 2 normalO , goodbreak0em1em⁣ normalΔ H 0 = 41.1 0.25em [ kJ / mol ] CH 3 OH ⇌ 2 H 2 + CO , goodbreak0em1em⁣ normalΔ H 0 = 90.5 0.25em [ kJ / mol ] Methanol can be seen as a more transportable form of H 2 and serves as a carbon recycling agent.…”

“…20 China, for instance, has adopted a policy to utilize methanol as a fuel for transport. 21 This increased interest from the energy sector and chemical industry, and the potential for renewable methanol production, makes the methanol economy a feasible option. 22,23 Methanol can be produced from CO 2 and green H 2 and then be converted back to H 2 on demand.…”

Preparation and Characterization of Pd Nanoparticles Supported on Graphene-Based Anode Catalysts for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

“…China has been reported as the largest methanol producer in the world with about 70 million tons [11]. In 2018, methanol consumption was about 17.4 million tons while only road transportation consumed about 126 million tons of petrol and 156 million tons of diesel fuel [12]. The percentage of methanol usage around the world is given as: China-58%; the rest of Asia-Pacific-16%; Europe-13%; Latin America-2%; North America-10%.…”

“…Methanol vehicle pilot programme was carried out in China between 2012 and 2018 and the results showed that methanol is a viable transportation fuel with no technical, economic and safety challenges. Several thousands of vehicles are now using methanol as fuel [12]. This increase in methanol vehicle has improved their economic sustainability.…”

Sector coupling leading to low-carbon production of power and chemicals in China

“…For example, sustainability footprints of a variety of technology routes for petrochemical production were evaluated with planetary boundaries by Galán-Martín et al 39 while special focus was given to the low-carbon process design of methanol 40 and ammonia 41 synthesis in subsequent studies. Taking into account China's dominant role in the methanol market and favorable national policies for future development of methanol vehicles, 42,43 the feasibility of forming a low-carbon "methanol economy" in China was analyzed in our previous work. 44 Yao et al 45 conducted a well-towheel comparison between different fossil-based methanol fuel production methods while Chen et al 46 studied the economic and environmental performance of integrating solar energy into methanol production in China.…”