A Brief Review on Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation Studies from Red Sea

Abstract

The Red Sea forms an important marine ecosystem with its rich species diversity and the different ecosystems, including the coral reefs. The region has received relatively less heavy metal pollution owing to comparatively lesser industrial pollution. This study attempts to review the records of heavy metal bioaccumulation reported in the last two decades. This review is an endeavour to audit the heavy metal bioaccumulation, revealed over the past twenty years, such as As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Cd, Hg, Mn, Zn Ni, Co, Se, and Pb, as reported from various regions of the Red Sea in organisms such as plankton, molluscs, crustaceans, and fish. Though the results of various studies reviewed here are not comparable to each other due to differences in organisms, types of tissues studied, and different methods of analysis as well as nature of their inhabiting sites, this review will be a baseline data of the heavy metal bioaccumulation, which can help in future evaluation in the context of the rapid developmental activity prevalent in the coasts of the Red Sea. The findings compiled emphasize the need for a comprehensive biomonitoring program that can conserve the unique biodiversity of the Red Sea.

Assessment of Bread Safety in Gusau- Zamfara State: Qualitative and Quantitative Determination of Potassium Bromate and Some Heavy Metals

“…The major route for heavy metals exposure in human is mainly through soil-crop-food pathway (Adeosun and Makanjuola 2020). Heavy metals are given special attention throughout the world due to their ubiquitous nature and toxic effects even at very low concentrations (Hassien, 2022). Elements such as Cd, Cr, and Pb are considered carcinogenic while Fe, Cu, Zu, Ni and Mn are considered as essential metals, however, if the concentration of the later elements are higher than their permissible limits, they may create toxic effects in humans (AbdAllah, 2017).…”

Heavy metals in some commercially fishery products marketed in Saudi Arabia

“…Heavy metals are the major environmental pollutants in the air, water, and soil. Their existence at high levels in the environment is hazardous to human health due to their high toxic impacts on living bodies (Alnashiri, 2022). Heavy metal contamination in the marine environment is of deep concern as it negatively affects marine and human lives.…”

“…In the Arabian Gulf area of Saudi Arabia, the wastes of refineries and the petrochemical industry are the main sources of heavy metal pollution in the marine environment (Mahboob et al, 2014;Freije, 2015). In the Red Sea coastal area of Saudi Arabia, the increase in developmental activities, gold mining, and industrialization activities are the main reasons for heavy metal contamination of seafood products (Alnashiri, 2022). In recent decades, heavy metal contamination of fish and seafood has been of serious global concern, especially among consumers, health professionals, and seafood traders.…”

Retracted: A Brief Review on Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation Studies from Red Sea

“…This article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [1]. This investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process: Discrepancies in scope Discrepancies in the description of the research reported Discrepancies between the availability of data and the research described Inappropriate citations Incoherent, meaningless and/or irrelevant content included in the article Manipulated or compromised peer review …”

“…This article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [1]. This investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process: The presence of these indicators undermines our confidence in the integrity of the article's content and we cannot, therefore, vouch for its reliability.…”