A Brief Review on Citrullus colocynthis- Bitter Apple

Rani, Alka; Goyal, Anju; Arora, Satyam

doi:10.9734/acri/2017/35158

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The high quantities of phenolic compounds were reported in the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the plant C. colocynthis . The plant hold promises for creation of innovative drugs with a wide range of pharmacological activity that might be used to treat a variety of human diseases due to its efficacy and safety [ 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and identification of endophytic actinobacteria from Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad and their antibacterial properties

et al. 2022

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Background Antibiotic resistance poses a major threat to human health globally. Consequently, new antibiotics are desperately required to discover and develop from unexplored habitats to treat life-threatening infections. Microbial natural products (NP) are still remained as primary sources for the discovery of new antibiotics. Endophytic actinobacteria (EA) which are well-known producers of bioactive compounds could provide novel antibiotic against pathogenic bacteria. This research aimed to isolate EA from the Citrullus colocynthis plant and explore the antibacterial properties of their metabolites against pathogenic bacteria. Results The healthy samples were collected, dissected and surface-sterilized before cultured on four different selection media at 28 °C. Six endophytic actinobacteria were isolated from Citrullus colocynthis plant. They were taxonomically classified into two family namely Streptomycetaceae and Nocardiopsaceae, based on colony morphological features, scanning electron microscope analysis and molecular identification of isolates. This is the first report on the identification of EA form Citrullus colocynthis and their antibacterial activity. The strains generated a chain of vibrio-comma, cubed or cylindrical shaped spores with indenting or smooth surfaces. Three of those were reported as endophytes for the first time. The strain KUMS-C1 showed 98.55% sequence similarity to its closely related strains which constitutes as a novel species/ strain for which the name Nocardiopsis colocynthis sp. was proposed for the isolated strain. Five isolated strains had antagonist activity against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli. Among those, stain KUMS-C6 showed the broadest spectrum of antibacterial activity against all test bacteria, whereas the strain KUMS-C4 had no antibacterial activity. Conclusions NPs have a long history of safe and efficient use for development of pharmaceutical products. Our study highlights that Citrullus colocynthis is an untapped source for the isolation of EA, generating novel and bioactive metabolites by which might lead to discovery of new antibiotic(s). This study reveals the future of new antibiotic developments looks bright against multi-drug resistance diseases by mining under- or unexplored habitats.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and identification of endophytic actinobacteria from Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad and their antibacterial properties

et al. 2022

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“…Plant extracts' antioxidant, free radical scavenging, and glucose-lowering properties stem from their constituent phytochemicals. Secondary metabolites such as phenolics, flavonoids, terpenes, and alkaloids are abundant in fruit pulps, leaves, and seeds of C. colocynthis [15,50,[119][120][121]. Some of the glucose-lowering components in the seeds are saponosides [43], and Shahin-Kaleybar et al recently identified several cysteine-rich peptides in C. colocynthis [122].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression of gluconeogenic enzymes in early- and late-stage diabetes: the effect of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. Seed extract on hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in Wistar-Albino rats model

et al. 2021

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Background The medicinal plant Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. (C. colocynthis) may benefit patients at different phases of diabetes by attuning to contrasting situations. Our primary objective was to find the mechanism(s) behind the antidiabetic/anti-hyperlipidemic effects of C.colocynthis seed aqueous extract (CCAE) in two different stages of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in rats. Methods Fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels, body weights, and the degree of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were measured in healthy nondiabetic control rats (Con), as well as rats with early and late stages of T2D, denoted as ET2D and LT2D, respectively. CCAE was intraperitoneally (IP) injected for 28 days. In the end, the hepatic mRNA expression levels of the following genes were determined by RT-PCR: glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), insulin-dependent sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1). The liver was examined by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Oil-Red O staining. CCAE was partially analyzed by HPLC-DAD. Results ET2D and LT2D were characterized by differentially elevated FBS, deteriorated bodyweight, and significant IGT compared to Con. Hepatosteatoses of varying morphologies and higher hepatic expression of G6Pase than PRPCK in ET2D versus the opposite in LT2D further confirmed the divergent nature of metabolic aberrations. At the end of 28 days, the high levels of FBS, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), triglyceride (TG), urea, hepatic protein carbonyl content (PCC), and alanine and aspartate aminotransferases (AST and ALT, respectively) persisted in untreated LT2D. CCAE ameliorated oxidative stress and upregulated PPARα expression in diabetic groups and Con; it downregulated CPT1 expression in the LT2D group. CCAE’s ability to lower FBS and serum and hepatic TG in both ET2D and LT2D indicated its ability to act via different mechanisms. Ferulic acid (Fer A) and rutin hydrate (RH) were detected in CCAE. Conclusion CCAE lowered the FBS in ET2D via inhibiting the hepatic G6Pase expression (glycogenolysis). In LT2D, CCAE abated sugar levels by diverting PEPCK activity, preferably towards glyceroneogenesis than gluconeogenesis. The preserved triglyceride/fatty acid (TG/FA) cycle, the upregulated PPARα, and the downregulated CPT1 gene expressions reduced serum and hepatic TG.

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“…Carrageenan-induced edema is a well-defined model of acute inflammation [ 4 , 19 ]. Thirty-six albino rats were divided into three groups, each group containing 12 rats.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic and Analgesic Activities of Citrullus colocynthis in Albino Rats through in vivo and Pharmacoinformatics Studies

Hassan

Zahra

Shafi

et al. 2024

RAAIDD

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Introduction: Hyperpyrexia, algesia and inflammation are pathological disorders which are treated with synthetic as well as herbal medications. The basic aim of the present study is to evaluate the ethnopharmacological activities of phytoconstituents that are present in C. colocynthis (fruit extract) by using in vivo and in silico studies. background: Hyperpyrexia, algesia and inflammation are pathological disorders which are treated with synthetic as well as herbal medications Method: Thirty-six albino rats were used in our studies with an average weight between 150-170g. Anti-inflammatory activity was investigated using carrageenan (an extract from a red seaweed) that induced edema in albino rat paws. However, in antipyretic and analgesic activity studies, yeast and acetic acid were used to cause pyrexia or algesia, respectively. Different doses of acetone fruit extract were used to treat inflammation, pyrexia and algesia. Results: Our results showed that the maximum percentage inhibition of acetonic fruit extract in anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities was observed at 70% and 100%, respectively, with 400 mg/kg doses, and in pyretic activity the maximum inhibitory percentage was 86% with a 100mg/kg dose. In in silico analysis, we have shown that bioactive compounds (α-spinasterol, ascorbic acid and chlorogenic acid) found in fruit extract have outstanding inhibition properties that involves proteins PTGS2, TLR2 and TRPV4. C. colocynthis fruit extract shows results that are statistically significant (p<0.005) and comparable to a reference drug. Acetonic fruit extract of C. colocynthis can be used as a natural and safe remedy with no side effects. Conclusion: In silico studies on chlorogenic acid, ascorbic acid and α-spinasterol have shown that these are inhibitory compounds that can be used for boosting the immune response. result: Our results showed that maximum percentage inhibition of acetonic fruit extract in anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities were observed at 70% and 100%, respectively, with 400 mg/kg doses, and in pyretic activity the maximum inhibitory percentage was 86% with a 100mg/kg dose. In in silico analysis, we have shown that bioactive compounds (α-spinasterol, ascorbic acid and chlorogenic acid) found in fruit extract have outstanding inhibition properties that involves proteins PTGS2, TLR2 and TRPV4. C. colocynthis fruit extract shows results that are statistically significant (p&lt;0.005) and comparable to a reference drug. other: nil

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A Brief Review on Citrullus colocynthis- Bitter Apple

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

Isolation and identification of endophytic actinobacteria from Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad and their antibacterial properties

Isolation and identification of endophytic actinobacteria from Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad and their antibacterial properties

Differential expression of gluconeogenic enzymes in early- and late-stage diabetes: the effect of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. Seed extract on hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in Wistar-Albino rats model

Investigation of Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic and Analgesic Activities of Citrullus colocynthis in Albino Rats through in vivo and Pharmacoinformatics Studies

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