A Brief Review of the EEG Literature on Mindfulness and Fear Extinction and its Potential Implications for Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS)

Kummar, Auretta Sonia; Correia, Helen; Fujiyama, Hakuei

doi:10.3390/brainsci9100258

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 124 publications

(178 reference statements)

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“…This is important given that stress is popular in today's society. In an EEG study, stress is characterized by increased fast frequency bands such as gamma waves while decreased slow waves, including the theta and delta waves [19,20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source separation on single channel EEG: A pilot study on effect of transcranial alternating current stimulation on scalp meridian

Gao

Liu

Tsang

et al. 2021

2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &Amp; Biology Society (EMBC)

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Brain electrical stimulation has shown the capability to modulate neural activities in a variety of ways. Compared with transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS), transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) may affect brain activities differently through a frequency-based mechanism. This pilot study applied tACS to the scalp following the meridian (Jingluo) of traditional Chinese medicine to explore its potential neural modulation effect. A wearable electroencephalogram (EEG) device was used to measure the frontal activity in a female participant before and after tACS longitudinally. A combined method of singular spectrum analysis (SSA)-independent components analysis (ICA) was applied to separate potential artifacts from ocular and other irrelevant sources. The results demonstrated that SSA-ICA could effectively separate signals from different sources especially the ocular artifact. EEG spectrum analysis showed that short-term tACS could increase the power of delta waves. This study has good implications for the use of tACS and SSA-ICA method for the study of brain activities. Future research is needed to refine more optimum parameters of tACS and SSA-ICA to make the evidence more solid.Clinical Relevance-tACS may influence the brain wave oscillations through the frequency-based mechanism. SSA-ICA method helps to broaden the use of wearable EEG devices for various clinical applications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source separation on single channel EEG: A pilot study on effect of transcranial alternating current stimulation on scalp meridian

Gao

Liu

Tsang

et al. 2021

2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &Amp; Biology Society (EMBC)

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“…As it has in the present study, investigating higher brain functions such as mental imagery might expand our physiological and pathological understanding of psychiatric disorders and facilitate the search for their biomarkers. Furthermore, neural decoding might help treat psychiatric disorders by application of its detailed results to neuromodulation methods such as neurofeedback (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12) and transcranial stimulation (88,89).…”

Section: Imagery-related Neural Oscillationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, neural decoding research has progressed along with the expansion of machine learning (ML). Neural decoding has also been applied for interpreting mental states (1,2) and for treating various psychiatric disorders with neurofeedback (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). With the development of deep learning, decoding performance improvement is accelerating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Decoding of Multi-Modal Imagery Behavior Focusing on Temporal Complexity

et al. 2020

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Mental imagery behaviors of various modalities include visual, auditory, and motor behaviors. Their alterations are pathologically involved in various psychiatric disorders. Results of earlier studies suggest that imagery behaviors are correlated with the modulated activities of the respective modality-specific regions and the additional activities of supramodal imagery-related regions. Additionally, despite the availability of complexity analysis in the neuroimaging field, it has not been used for neural decoding approaches. Therefore, we sought to characterize neural oscillation related to multimodal imagery through complexity-based neural decoding. For this study, we modified existing complexity measures to characterize the time evolution of temporal complexity. We took magnetoencephalography (MEG) data of eight healthy subjects as they performed multimodal imagery and non-imagery tasks. The MEG data were decomposed into amplitude and phase of sub-band frequencies by Hilbert-Huang transform. Subsequently, we calculated the complexity values of each reconstructed time series, along with raw data and band power for comparison, and applied these results as inputs to decode visual perception (VP), visual imagery (VI), motor execution (ME), and motor imagery (MI) functions. Consequently, intra-subject decoding with the complexity yielded a characteristic sensitivity map for each task with high decoding accuracy. The map is inverted in the occipital regions between VP and VI and in the central regions between ME and MI. Additionally, replacement of the labels into two classes as imagery and nonimagery also yielded better classification performance and characteristic sensitivity with the complexity. It is particularly interesting that some subjects showed characteristic sensitivities not only in modality-specific regions, but also in supramodal regions. These analyses indicate that two-class and four-class classifications each provided better performance when using complexity than when using raw data or band power as input. When inter-subject decoding was used with the same model, characteristic sensitivity maps were also obtained, although their decoding performance was lower. Results of this study underscore the availability of complexity measures in neural decoding

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“…EEG may hold substantial value because in comparison to other techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), EEG is costeffective and less intimidating to patients, and therefore more realistically feasible to apply in clinical settings (Najafpour et al, 2020;Schleim & Roiser, 2009). A recent review of EEG findings on mindfulness has preliminarily suggested similar findings between the literature on mindfulness and fear extinction (i.e., fear regulation), and thus, its implications for trauma treatment (Kummar et al, 2019). Neurophysiological measures can similarly provide mechanistic insights on mindfulness and compassion, as well as complement self-reports obtained during treatment development and evaluation (Van Dam et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…It was also hypothesised that emotion regulation would mediate the relationship between mindfulness and self-compassion with PTSS severity. Given limited EEG literature on the benefits of mindfulness or compassion for trauma (Kummar et al, 2019;Stevens et al, 2018), analyses on EEG network connectivity were exploratory to provide insights into the potential neurophysiological effects of CoMET.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An 8-week Compassion and Mindfulness-based Exposure Therapy Program effectively improves Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms

Kummar¹,

Correia²,

Tan³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The persistence of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) can be debilitating. However, many people experiencing such symptoms may not qualify for, or may not seek, treatment. Potentially contributing to ongoing residual symptoms of PTSS is emotion dysregulation. Meanwhile, the research area of mindfulness and compassion has grown to imply emotion regulation as one of its underlying mechanisms, yet, its efficacy on emotion regulation in PTSS cohort is unknown. Here, we investigated the effectiveness of an 8-week Compassion- oriented and Mindfulness-based Exposure Therapy (CoMET) for individuals with PTSS using a waitlist control design. A total of 28 individuals (27 females, age range = 18-39 years) participated in the study (17 CoMET; 11 control). Following CoMET, participants reported significant decreases in PTSS severity (from clinical to non-clinical levels), emotion dysregulation, and experiential avoidance, as well as significant increases in mindfulness, self-compassion, and quality of life. Enhanced emotion regulation also mediated the relationship between increases in mindfulness and self-compassion with decreases in PTSS severity, while the waitlist control showed no changes, except for significant increases in difficulties with emotion regulation. Electroencephalogram-based brain network connectivity analysis revealed an increase in alpha-band connectivity following CoMET in a network that includes the amygdala, suggesting that CoMET successfully induced changes in functional connectivity between brain regions that play a crucial role in emotion regulation. In sum, the current study demonstrated promising intervention outcomes of CoMET in effectively alleviating the symptoms of PTSS via enhanced emotion regulation.

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A Brief Review of the EEG Literature on Mindfulness and Fear Extinction and its Potential Implications for Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS)

Cited by 11 publications

References 124 publications

Source separation on single channel EEG: A pilot study on effect of transcranial alternating current stimulation on scalp meridian

Source separation on single channel EEG: A pilot study on effect of transcranial alternating current stimulation on scalp meridian

Neural Decoding of Multi-Modal Imagery Behavior Focusing on Temporal Complexity

An 8-week Compassion and Mindfulness-based Exposure Therapy Program effectively improves Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms

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