A brief review of the effects of chronic hydrocephalus on the gonadotropin releasing hormone system: Implications for amenorrhea and precocious puberty

Abdolvahabi, Ramin M.; Mitchell, J. A.; Díaz, Fernando G.; McAllister, James P.

doi:10.1080/01616412.2000.11741047

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Aside from transient or pre-existing endocrine issues, only one patient with secondary amenorrhea after diagnosis and neurosurgery required hormone supplementation with Provera. Hydrocephalus is well described as a precipitating factor in some children who develop precocious puberty or slowed growth rate [18][19][20][21][22][23]. Since most patients with endocrine function had normal endocrine evaluations post-CSF diversion, their endocrine symptoms likely were secondary to hydrocephalus and lab evaluations were normal because investigations were done after hydrocephalus was corrected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric tectal plate gliomas: a review of clinical outcomes, endocrinopathies, and neuropsychological sequelae

et al. 2015

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Pediatric tectal plate gliomas are indolent slow-growing gliomas that often present with increased intracranial pressure or incidentally on routine brain imaging. We investigated clinical outcomes, endocrinopathies, and neuropsychological sequelae associated with tectal plate gliomas. Twenty-six patients with tectal plate glioma were identified in a 20-year retrospective review. Clinical outcomes, treatments, endocrine function, neuropsychological testing outcomes and radiographic imaging were reviewed for possible signs correlating with tumor progression. Among 26 patients, 19 presented with signs or symptoms of increased intracranial pressure (73 %) versus an incidental finding in 7 (27 %). Median follow-up was 46 months (range 8-143 months). Six of 26 (23 %) experienced progressive disease after diagnosis. Five of 26 (19 %) required more than one surgical procedure due to failure of initial endoscopic third ventriculostomy. Seven of 26 had history of endocrine dysfunction, of which, five presented with endocrine dysfunction (precocious puberty or short stature), 1 developed menstrual irregularities after surgical intervention and 1 had preexisting pan hypopituitarism. Of 12 patients with available neuropsychological testing, eleven had at least one indicator of executive functioning in the low-average to impaired range. While tectal plate gliomas have been considered indolent tumors that are rarely progressive, 23 % of patients in our cohort experienced disease progression and required further therapy. Neurocognitive deficits may occur, while endocrine deficiency is uncommon. Regular multidisciplinary oncology follow-up, routine monitoring with MRI and formal neurocognitive evaluation are imperative to provide early recognition of disease progression or recurrent hydrocephalus and to improve school functioning in this population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric tectal plate gliomas: a review of clinical outcomes, endocrinopathies, and neuropsychological sequelae

et al. 2015

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“…In shunted humans, myelomeningocele and hydrocephalus have been related to growth hormone deficiency, higher basal FSH and LH (and GnRH), precocious puberty, and amenorrhea [285-287]. However there is often an improvement of the reproductive cycle, following shunting [286]. Following experimental hydrocephalus in rats, increased hypothalamic GnRH was also observed [288].…”

Section: Neuropathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal Brain Hemorrhage (NBH) of Prematurity: Translational Mechanisms of the Vascular-Neural Network

Lekic¹,

Klebe²,

Poblete³

et al. 2015

CMC

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Neonatal brain hemorrhage (NBH) of prematurity is an unfortunate consequence of preterm birth. Complications result in shunt dependence and long-term structural changes such as post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus, periventricular leukomalacia, gliosis, and neurological dysfunction. Several animal models are available to study this condition, and many basic mechanisms, etiological factors, and outcome consequences, are becoming understood. NBH is an important clinical condition, of which treatment may potentially circumvent shunt complication, and improve functional recovery (cerebral palsy, and cognitive impairments). This review highlights key pathophysiological findings of the neonatal vascular-neural network in the context of molecular mechanisms targeting the post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus affecting this vulnerable infant population.

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“…3 Although the exact pathway remains unclear, compressive forces, global or focal ischemia, and impairments of neurotransmitter feedback loops are likely candidates. 1 Although mechanical compression is usually alleviated by operation, axonal injury may interrupt coordinated transsynaptic and glial-neural communication. Neurogenic inhibition of hypothalamic GnRH secretion physiologically decreases with age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term endocrine outcome of suprasellar arachnoid cysts

Lee

Jung

et al. 2017

PED

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OBJECTIVEDue to their distinct location, suprasellar arachnoid cysts are known to cause a wide variety of problems, such as hydrocephalus, endocrine symptoms, and visual abnormalities. The long-term outcome of these cysts has not been elucidated. To find out the long-term outcome of suprasellar arachnoid cysts, a retrospective review of the patients was performed. The neurological and endocrine symptoms were thoroughly reviewed.METHODSForty-five patients with suprasellar arachnoid cysts, with an average follow-up duration of 9.7 years, were enrolled in the study. A comprehensive review was performed of the results of follow-up regarding not only neurological symptoms but also endocrine status. The outcomes of 8 patients who did not undergo operations and were asymptomatic or had symptoms unrelated to the cyst were included in the series.RESULTSSurgery was most effective for the symptoms related to hydrocephalus (improvement in 32 of 32), but endocrine symptoms persisted after surgery (4 of 4) and required further medical management. More surprisingly, a fairly large number of patients (14 of 40; 1 was excluded because no pre- or postoperative endocrine evaluation was available) who had not shown endocrine symptoms at the time of the initial diagnosis and treatment later developed endocrine abnormalities such as precocious puberty and growth hormone deficiency. The patients with endocrine symptoms detected during the follow-up included those in both the operated (n = 12 of 32) and nonoperated (n = 2 of 8) groups who had been stable during follow-up since the initial diagnosis.CONCLUSIONSThis study implies that patients with suprasellar arachnoid cysts can develop late endocrine problems during follow-up, even if other symptoms related to the cyst have been successfully treated. Hence, patients with these cysts need long-term follow-up for not only neurological symptoms but also endocrine abnormalities.

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A brief review of the effects of chronic hydrocephalus on the gonadotropin releasing hormone system: Implications for amenorrhea and precocious puberty

Cited by 29 publications

References 16 publications

Pediatric tectal plate gliomas: a review of clinical outcomes, endocrinopathies, and neuropsychological sequelae

Pediatric tectal plate gliomas: a review of clinical outcomes, endocrinopathies, and neuropsychological sequelae

Neonatal Brain Hemorrhage (NBH) of Prematurity: Translational Mechanisms of the Vascular-Neural Network

Long-term endocrine outcome of suprasellar arachnoid cysts

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