A brief review of recent data on some cytokine expressions at the materno-foetal interface which might challenge the classical Th1/Th2 dichotomy

Chaouat, G.; Zourbas, Sandrine; Ostojić, Saša; Lapprée-Delage, Geneviève; Dubanchet, Sylvie; Lédée-Bataille, Nathalie; Martal, J.

doi:10.1016/s0165-0378(01)00119-x

Cited by 244 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Additional cytokines, e.g. IL-15 5 and IL-18, which are not classed as Th1 or Th2 type cytokines, have been observed at the maternal-fetal interface (Chaouat et al, 2002;Murphy et al, 2009), and the broadening of the Th subset families to include Th17 and Treg has indeed challenged the paradigm and adding to its complexity. Although IL-17 has been mostly associated with hyperinflammation in autoimmunity, it was recently suggested that stromal cell-derived IL-17 was present in the first trimester and had a positive role in sustaining human pregnancy by recruiting Th17 cells, and promoting trophoblast invasion and inhibiting trophoblast apoptosis (Wu et al, 2014).…”

Section: Cytokines In Normal Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Decidual cytokines and pregnancy complications: focus on spontaneous miscarriage

Lash

Ernerudh

2015

Journal of Reproductive Immunology

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The establishment of pregnancy requires the co-ordinated implantation of the embryo into the receptive decidua, placentation, trophoblast invasion of the maternal decidua and myometrium in addition to remodelling of the uterine spiral arteries. Failure of any of these steps can lead to a range of pregnancy complications, including miscarriage, pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction, placenta accreta and pre-term birth. Cytokines are small multifunctional proteins often derived from leucocytes and have primarily been described through their immunomodulatory actions. The maternal-fetal interface is considered to be immunosuppressed to allow development of the semi-allogeneic placental fetal unit. However, cytokine profiles of the decidua and different decidual cell types suggest that the in vivo situation might be more complex. Data suggest that decidual-derived cytokines not only play roles in immunosuppression, but also in other aspects of the establishment of pregnancy, including the regulation of trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodelling. This review focuses on the potential role of decidua-derived cytokines in the aetiology of unexplained spontaneous miscarriage. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved

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Section: Cytokines In Normal Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Decidual cytokines and pregnancy complications: focus on spontaneous miscarriage

Lash

Ernerudh

2015

Journal of Reproductive Immunology

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“…Th1/Th2 cytokine balance with Th2 predominance has been seen as a very important mechanism determining the survival of the fetus in the maternal uterus [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. However, mice genetically deficient for IL-4 and IL-10 do not show disturbed pregnancy [18], suggesting that Th2 cells are not essential for normal pregnancy and alloreactive Th1 cells must be differently regulated, as already proposed [19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Regulatory T cells induce a privileged tolerant microenvironment at the fetal‐maternal interface

et al. 2005

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The mechanisms underlying immune tolerance during pregnancy are poorly understood. In this regard, Treg seem to play an important role in mediating maternal tolerance to the fetus. We proposed a crucial role of T regulatory cells (Treg) in avoiding immunological rejection of the fetus after observing diminished number and function of Treg in abortion-prone mice. We further confirmed the protective role of Treg during pregnancy by transferring pregnancy-induced Treg into abortion-prone mice, which prevented rejection. Here, we analyzed the mechanisms involved in Treg-mediated protection. As expected, Treg therapy prevented abortion, while expanding the peripheral and thymic Treg population. Surprisingly, the decidual levels of the Th1 cytokines IFN-c and TNF-a were not diminished after therapy. Interestingly, the mRNA levels of leukemia inhibitory factor, TGF-b and heme oxygenase-1 at the fetal-maternal interface were dramatically up-regulated after Treg transfer, while the levels of indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase remained unchanged. Our data suggest that Treg treatment can not prevent T cell infiltration or high Th1 levels but is able to create a privileged tolerant microenvironment at the fetal-maternal interface, further shedding light onto the molecular mechanisms involved in pregnancy tolerance.

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“…The placenta is also a rich source of cytokines and probably plays a major role in the maintenance of the appropriate immune response during pregnancy [7,23,24]. Placental lactogen is important in the growth and development of the foetus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…progesterone [4]. However, the Th1/Th2 paradigm is now regarded as an over-simplification and some newly discovered cytokines do not fit into the classical Th1/Th2 dichotomy [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of human placental lactogen on the expression of CD163 and CD14 on human monocytes in culture

Cranny

Crowley

Whelan

2002

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SUMMARY The effect of human placental lactogen (hPL), a member of the somatomammotrophin family, on the regulation of the scavenger receptor molecules CD14 and CD163 on human monocytes cultured for 48h was investigated. Cells were cultured in the presence or absence of the hormone and also in the presence or absence of IFN-γ and dexamethasone. Monocytes cultured in the presence of hPL showed a significant increase in the expression of CD14 in both males and females compared to background. When IFN-γ and dexamethasone were added to the cultures, CD14 expression was decreased and was not rescued by the presence of hPL. hPL alone had no effect on the expression of CD163 on cultured monocytes from either gender, although cells cultured in the presence of IFN-γ and dexamethasone showed a profound increase in their expression of CD163. This expression was augmented further by the presence of hPL in the cultures over a 48-h period. These results support the hypothesis of a potential role of this hormone in the regulation of the innate immune response.

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A brief review of recent data on some cytokine expressions at the materno-foetal interface which might challenge the classical Th1/Th2 dichotomy

Cited by 244 publications

References 42 publications

Decidual cytokines and pregnancy complications: focus on spontaneous miscarriage

Decidual cytokines and pregnancy complications: focus on spontaneous miscarriage

Regulatory T cells induce a privileged tolerant microenvironment at the fetal‐maternal interface

Effects of human placental lactogen on the expression of CD163 and CD14 on human monocytes in culture

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