A Brief Review of near Infrared in Petroleum Product Analysis

Abstract

The use of infrared spectroscopy [including near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy] for the analysis of petroleum product analysis has become an essential component of hydrocarbon processing and refining since the mid-1940s. Early scientific literature identified absorption band positions for a variety of hydrocarbon functional groups from pure compounds to complex mixtures. The short wavelength NIR region (generally designated as 750–1100 nm), and the long-wavelength NIR region (1100–2500 nm) have been explored for their relative chemical information content with respect to hydrocarbon fuel mixtures. The functional groups of methyl, methylene, carbon–carbon, carbon–oxygen (including carbonyl), and aromatic (C–H) are measured directly using NIR spectroscopy. NIR spectroscopy combined with multivariate calibration has resulted in the reported analysis of numerous fuel components. The scientific literature has reported varied success for the measurement of RON (research octane number), MON (motor octane number), PON (pump octane number), cetane, cloud point, MTBE ( tert-Butyl methyl ether), RVP (Reid vapour pressure), ethanol, API, bromine number, lead, sulphur, aromatics, olefins and saturates content in such products as gasoline, diesel fuels, and jet fuels. This review paper summarises the foundational work using near-infrared for hydrocarbon fuels measurement beginning in 1938.

Detection of Lipid Pool, Thin Fibrous Cap, and Inflammatory Cells in Human Aortic Atherosclerotic Plaques by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

“…Calibration was performed with the use of the Caldatas program. 27 Three NIR scans were performed on each segment. Principal component regression was used to analyze the smoothed, scatter-corrected data.…”

Development and validation of a multivariate calibration model for determination of dipyrone in oral solutions by near infrared spectroscopy

“…17 By observing Figure 1, it was possible to attribute the band between 1100 and 1250 nm to the second overtone and the combination of C-H bonds, the bands between 1250 and 1550 nm to the first overtone and the combination of C-H bonds, and the peak at 1675 nm to the first overtone of C-H bonds. 29 The DIP content of the oral formulations must be between 95 and 105% of the value specified by the manufacturer. 3 Fifty one samples were prepared in the range from 300.0 to 569.2 mg mL -1 .…”

New Developments in Chemical Engineering for the Production of Drug Substances

“…Especially NIR, in combination with chemometric evaluation, has found a very large number of applications in the last few years [48,49]. For applications in the pharmaceutical industry, where many production processes are influenced by water content, the sensitivity of NIR to water proves to be both a strength and a weakness.…”