A brief review of mRNA therapeutics and delivery for bone tissue engineering

Abstract

This review provides an update on the various mRNA preparations, carriers that can deliver these preparations and how they could potentially enhance the bone regeneration.

From structural design to delivery: mRNA therapeutics for cancer immunotherapy

“…Lipid-like materials with unique properties can also be used for the targeted delivery of mRNA to the bone microenvironment, which is necessary for treating bonerelated diseases such as osteoarthritis, osteomyelitis, and bone cancer. [140] To overcome the biological barriers (such as low blood flow and low affinity between drugs and bone minerals) of transporting mRNA into the bone microenvironment, Xue et al designed a series of bisphosphonate lipid-like materials and combined them with three other conventional compositions to form an LNP platform (Figure 6A). [141] After systemic administration, the best-performing BP, 490BP-C14, which possesses a satisfying affinity for bone minerals like calcium ions (Ca 2+ ), successfully transported mRNAencoding bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) to the bone microenvironment and elicited protein expression for bone development (Figure 6A,B).…”

“…Lipid‐like materials with unique properties can also be used for the targeted delivery of mRNA to the bone microenvironment, which is necessary for treating bone‐related diseases such as osteoarthritis, osteomyelitis, and bone cancer. [ 140 ] To overcome the biological barriers (such as low blood flow and low affinity between drugs and bone minerals) of transporting mRNA into the bone microenvironment, Xue et al. designed a series of bisphosphonate lipid‐like materials and combined them with three other conventional compositions to form an LNP platform (Figure 6A).…”

Strategies for targeted gene delivery using lipid nanoparticles and cell-derived nanovesicles

“…Concerns include controlled overexpression of the target gene, difficulties in large-scale production, limited availability of target gene packaging (limited to 5 kb for adeno-associated viruses), carcinogenicity, and random insertion of the viral genome. 4–6…”

“…Concerns include controlled overexpression of the target gene, difficulties in large-scale production, limited availability of target gene packaging (limited to 5 kb for adenoassociated viruses), carcinogenicity, and random insertion of the viral genome. [4][5][6] During the last few decades, researchers have shown much interest in the use of non-viral delivery of target genes to the cells, particularly in the use of liposomes, lipid nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, and nanovesicles. These materials have a greater advantage over viral vectors in terms of higher packaging capacity, ease of modulating the structural properties, Dong-yup Lee is currently pursuing a master's degree in the School of Chemical and Biological Engineering at Seoul National University.…”

Nanogels for bone tissue engineering – from synthesis to application

“…7 A thorough understanding of human bone is necessary to fabricate and evaluate the osteogenic potential of bone scaffolds. 8,9 Bone is heterogeneous, with a matrix comprising mineral, organic, and water phases. Calcium phosphate, commonly replaced with magnesium, carbonate, and acid phosphate, constitutes 60%-70% of the dry mass of most bones.…”