A Brief Review of Giant Occipital Encephalocele

Magnitude and Associated Factors of Neural Tube Defects in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Only 1.07 per 10 000 children found to have encephalocele. This finding is in line with the prevalence of encephalocele in most parts of the world where 0.8 to 5 cases per 10 000 52 were born with encephalocele. However, the current finding was significantly lower than a study conducted in Nigeria (66.9 encephaloceles per 10 000 births).…”

Giant Occipital Encephalocele: A Case Report, Surgical & Anesthetic Challenge

“…Clinically, the presentation of giant occipital encephaloceles is evident due to their characteristic swelling. [2] The contents of occipital encephalocele mainly include meninges and occipital lobes. It may also comprise of ventricles, cerebellum, and brain stem.…”

“…The clinical examination comprises the examination of its size, extent, amount of protrusion and its location along with the size of bony defect. [2] The size of the head holds a signi cance importance for clinical suspicion of microcephaly or hydrocephalus and extracranial anomalies. [2] MRI brain is the usual investigation of choice along with the three dimensional Computed Tomography (CT) that further helps in evaluating the deformity and hence the surgical procedure can take place as soon as possible to avoid further neurological de cits.…”

“…[2] The size of the head holds a signi cance importance for clinical suspicion of microcephaly or hydrocephalus and extracranial anomalies. [2] MRI brain is the usual investigation of choice along with the three dimensional Computed Tomography (CT) that further helps in evaluating the deformity and hence the surgical procedure can take place as soon as possible to avoid further neurological de cits. [5] Giant encephaloceles are rare; surgical procedures are a challenging task for the anesthesiologists, as well as the neurosurgeons.…”

“…[1] It is characterized by the herniation of several cranial contents in the initial weeks of fetal life, through a defect in the cranium caused by inappropriate closure of the developing cranial part of the neural tube. [2] The size of an encephalocele varies from a few centimeters to an enormous swelling and is termed as "giant encephalocele", when the size of encephalocele is larger than the size of the head. [2] Such malformations are dependent on their size of the sac, percentage of neural tissue content, hydrocephalus, infection, and other associated pathologies for a favorable neurological outcome.…”