A brief molecular insight of COVID-19: epidemiology, clinical manifestation, molecular mechanism, cellular tropism and immuno-pathogenesis

Singh, Sweta; Pandey, R.; Tomar, Sarika; Varshney, Raunak; Sharma, Darshika; Gangenahalli, Gurudutta

doi:10.1007/s11010-021-04217-y

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…The innate and adaptive immune system components both play a role in this scenario. Host endosomal pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as TLRs, NODs, RIG-1s, and RLRs, all recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and activate downstream signaling pathways that activate transcription factors, such as nuclear factor-kappa (NF-kb) and interferon regulatory factor) (IRFs) 16 . The production of type I interferons (IFNs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines ultimately aids in the removal of viruses from the body.…”

Section: Immunopathology Of Covid 19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Performance of the COVID-19 Rapid Antigen Tests in a Tertiary Level Hospital in Bangladesh

Khan,

Raihan,

Akram

et al. 2023

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical Coll J

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The tests providing high sensitivity and specificity are essential to identify and manage COVID-19 patients.There is aheavy demand for low-cost rapid antigen tests (RATs) for COVID-19 with a decent diagnostic value. Globally,several RATs for COVID-19 have been developed, but their clinical efficacy has not been well recognized.Thepurpose of the study was to evaluate the performance of RATs. We conducted this prospective observational study atShaheed Suhrawardy Medical College hospital from February 2021 to April 2021 in Dhaka, Bangladesh. This studyincluded the patients admitted in this hospital at the COVID-19 isolation unit or referred from the triage facility of theoutdoor department of this hospital suspected as COVID-19 case. Two nasopharyngeal samples were collectedsimultaneously. We used one sample on the spot for the RATs and the other was sent to the adjacent ShaheedSuhrawardy Medical College COVID-19 RT-PCR laboratory for real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Theperformance of the RATs was evaluated by consuming the real-time RT-PCR results as a reference. In thisinvestigation, SARS-CoV-2 was identified in 84 (30.7%) of the 223 patients who participated. Of these 84 patients, 9(10.7%) were asymptomatic. The overall sensitivity and specificity of RATs were 78.6% and 99.3%, respectively. Thesensitivity was 81.3% in symptomatic cases and 55.6% in asymptomatic cases. There were 18 false-negativespatients,including 3 asymptomatic cases, who had a low viral load (cycle threshold(Ct) > 30). When the Ct value was up to24, the detection rate of RATs was 100%. The detection rate was 42.3% when the Ct was >29. When symptoms beganwithin three days, the detection rate was 92.3%. When the start of symptoms was over 7 days, the detection rate was33.3%. RATs for COVID-19 used in this study delivered an acceptable performance in patients with high viral loadand within the first week of the onset of symptoms. This method can be a supplementary method to RT- PCR for thediagnosis of symptomatic COVID-19 patients. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med. Coll. J. 2022;1(2):58-64

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Section: Immunopathology Of Covid 19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Performance of the COVID-19 Rapid Antigen Tests in a Tertiary Level Hospital in Bangladesh

Khan,

Raihan,

Akram

et al. 2023

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical Coll J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Immunopathology Of Covid 19mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and Diabetes: Acknowledging the Bidirectional Link

Quader,

Khan,

Akram

et al. 2023

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical Coll J

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COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus have a dynamic and bidirectional relationship. Diabetes is a risk factor for COVID19. Diabetes mellitus is linked to hypercoagulability, inflammation, hyperglycemia, and other conditions (obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease). Hyperglycemia may worsen SARS-CoV-2 infection. As a result of direct pancreatic damage caused by COVID-19, the stress response is triggered response to infection (including cytokine storm), including the use of hyperglycemic prescription medications such as corticosteroids for severe COVID-19, new-onset hyperglycemia and diabetes have been linked to the virus, as well as rapidly deteriorating blood glucose control in pre-existing diabetes. Insulin resistance and decreased b-cell secretion cause hyperglycemia. Challenges still remain in establishing the connection between COVID-19 and diabetes, whilst the pandemic progresses. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med. Coll. J. 2022;1(2):99-103

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“…The novel coronavirus SARS-COV-2 outbreak started in Wuhan, China in 2019. As per the latest WHO report, over 200 countries were involved, with more than 146 million confirmed cases and over 3.1 million deaths globally [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vein wall thickness and severity of pulmonary involvement due to sars n-cov2 virus infection

Quarto,

Benassai,

Colao

et al. 2024

J Transl Med

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Background An observational study involving patients recovered from COVID-19 was conducted in order to evaluate the presence/absence of vein wall thickness increasing, according to the severity of pulmonary involvement quantified with a CT-scoring system. Methods The venous wall thickness (VWT) of 31 patients (23 males and 8 females) with COVID 19 previously admitted to Federico II University Hospital of Naples was evaluated through ultrasound measurement of the common femoral Vein 1 cm proximal to the saphenous-femoral junction and the popliteal Vein 1 cm distal to the confluence of gemellary veins. Measurements were taken with an automated tool to avoid human error. All patients were evaluated in the supine position. Patients were then stratified into two groups, VWT > 1 mm and VWT < 1 mm. Lung damage was assessed through thoracic High Resolution Computer Tomography and subsequently quantified using the scoring system set out by Chung et al. CEAP-C class was calculated for all patients. Results The mean value of COVID score in VWT > 1 mm group was 7.4 (S.D. 4.83), whilst the mean value of the COVID score in the VWT < 1 mm group was 3.82 (S.D 3.34). These findings were determined to be statistically significant in a two-tie Student-T test. The linear regression test between VWT and Covid score values demonstrated a direct relationship between the two variables. Conclusion These results demonstrate a link between two different aspects of the pathological effects on the vessels during a SARS-COV 2 infection. As such a common primum movens can be hypothesized in both micro-thrombotic and inflammatory processes relating to COVID 19.

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A brief molecular insight of COVID-19: epidemiology, clinical manifestation, molecular mechanism, cellular tropism and immuno-pathogenesis

Cited by 8 publications

References 130 publications

Evaluation of the Performance of the COVID-19 Rapid Antigen Tests in a Tertiary Level Hospital in Bangladesh

Evaluation of the Performance of the COVID-19 Rapid Antigen Tests in a Tertiary Level Hospital in Bangladesh

COVID-19 and Diabetes: Acknowledging the Bidirectional Link

Vein wall thickness and severity of pulmonary involvement due to sars n-cov2 virus infection

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