A Brief Measure of the International Classification of Diseases-11 Adjustment Disorder: Investigation of Psychometric Properties in an Adult Help-Seeking Sample

Abstract

Adjustment disorder is one of the most prevalent mental disorders. However, there are almost no measures available for its assessment. We aimed to analyze the psychometric properties of a brief version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11 adjustment disorder scale (Adjustment Disorder New Module-8; ADNM-8) in a help-seeking sample. Data from 1,174 participants with an average age of 35 years who registered for the internet-based self-help adjustment disorder intervention were analyzed. Psychometric properties of the brief 8-item self-report (ADNM-8) scale measuring the 2 core adjustment disorder symptoms of preoccupation and failure to adapt were tested. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was applied for the analysis of construct validity. CFA supported the 2-factor structure of ADNM-8. Further research is needed for validation of ADNM-8 in cross-cultural studies.

Risk factors of ICD-11 adjustment disorder in the Lithuanian general population exposed to life stressors

“…Previous studies supported the factor structure of the brief 8-item ADNM-8 measure (Kazlauskas, Zelviene, Lorenz, et al, 2017), and good psychometric characteristics of the ADNM-8 were reported in several studies (Ben-Ezra et al, 2018;Kazlauskas et al, 2018;Lorenz et al, 2018a;Zelviene et al, 2017). In this study, Cronbach's α was .89 for the total ADNM-8 scale, α = .87 was for the ADNM-8 preoccupation subscale, and α = .79 for the ADNM-8 failure to adapt subscale.…”

“…The symptom intensity and diagnostic status of ICD-11 adjustment disorder were assessed using the brief Adjustment Disorder New Module-8 (ADNM-8) scale (Kazlauskas et al, 2018), which is a revised version of the ADNM-20 scale (Einsle, Köllner, Dannemann, & Maercker, 2010). The ADNM measure is widely used in ICD-11 adjustment disorder research (Kazlauskas, Zelviene, Lorenz, et al, 2017;…”

“…The most recent studies on ICD-11 adjustment disorder are generally focused on the validation of the symptom structure (Glaesmer, Romppel, Brahler, Hinz, & Maercker, 2015;Kazlauskas, Gegieckaite, Eimontas, Zelviene, & Maercker, 2018;Lorenz, Hyland, Perkonigg, & Maercker, 2017;Lorenz, Perkonigg, & Maercker, 2018a;Zelviene, Kazlauskas, Eimontas, & Maercker, 2017), development of assessment instruments (Bachem, Perkonigg, Stein, & Maercker, 2016;Ben-Ezra, Mahat-Shamir, Lorenz, Lavenda, & Maercker, 2018), development of interventions Eimontas, Rimsaite, Gegieckaite, Zelviene, & Kazlauskas, 2018;Maercker, Bachem, Lorenz, Moser, & Berger, 2015;Moser, Bachem, Berger, & Maercker, 2019;Rachyla et al, 2018), exploring the symptom change (Lorenz, Perkonigg, & Maercker, 2018b;O'Donnell et al, 2016), and possible predictors of ICD-11 adjustment disorder (Lorenz et al, 2018b;Mahat-Shamir et al, 2017;Ring et al, 2018).…”

A socio-interpersonal approach to adjustment disorder: the example of involuntary job loss

“…The ADNM-20 showed satisfactory properties regarding factor structure, internal consistency, retest-reliability, and construct validity (Bley, Einsle, Maercker, Weidner, & Joraschky, 2008; Einsle et al, 2010; Glaesmer et al, 2015) in previous studies. The use of the ADNM-8 found initial support in two previous studies (Kazlauskas, Gegieckaite, Maercker, Eimontas, & Zelviene, 2018; Zelviene et al, 2017). The internal consistency in this study was α = .87.…”

Measuring ICD‐11 adjustment disorder: the development and initial validation of the International Adjustment Disorder Questionnaire

“…However, it also includes four associated symptom clusters of avoidance (four items), depression (three items), anxiety (two items) and impulsivity (three items). There have been further abbreviations of the ADNM, namely an 8‐item version (ADNM‐8) and an ‘ultra‐brief’ 4‐item version (ADNM‐4) both intended to focus specifically on the core AjD symptoms of preoccupations and failure to adapt.…”