A brief history of the development of wind-profiling or MST radars

Zandt, T. E. Van

doi:10.1007/s005850000220

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Arecibo and Jicamarca radars were constructed as constant facility for the IS experiment in early 1960s. Then development of the MST radar followed [ Van Zandt , ]. The EISCAT radar started multistatic IS observations in 1981 [ Schlegel and Moorcroft , ].…”

Section: Global Observation Network and Data Exchange Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

A proposal on the study of solar‐terrestrial coupling processes with atmospheric radars and ground‐based observation network

et al. 2016

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The solar energy can mainly be divided into two categories: the solar radiation and the solar wind. The former maximizes at the equator, generating various disturbances over a wide height range and causing vertical coupling processes of the atmosphere between the troposphere and middle and upper atmospheres by upward propagating atmospheric waves. The energy and material flows that occur in all height regions of the equatorial atmosphere are named as “Equatorial Fountain.” These processes from the bottom also cause various space weather effects, such as satellite communication and Global Navigation Satellite System positioning. While, the electromagnetic energy and high‐energy plasma particles in the solar wind converge into the polar region through geomagnetic fields. These energy/particle inflow results in auroral Joule heating and ion drag of the atmosphere particularly during geomagnetic storms and substorms. The ion outflow from the polar ionosphere controls ambient plasma constituents in the magnetosphere and may cause long‐term variation of the atmosphere. We propose to clarify these overall coupling processes in the solar‐terrestrial system from the bottom and from above through high‐resolution observations at key latitudes in the equator and in the polar region. We will establish a large radar with active phased array antenna, called the Equatorial Middle and Upper atmosphere radar, in west Sumatra, Indonesia. We will participate in construction of the EISCAT_3D radar in northern Scandinavia. These radars will enhance the existing international radar network. We will also develop a global observation network of compact radio and optical remote sensing equipment from the equator to polar region.

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Section: Global Observation Network and Data Exchange Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

A proposal on the study of solar‐terrestrial coupling processes with atmospheric radars and ground‐based observation network

et al. 2016

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“…That is, clear-air radars "see" refractive-index fluctuations with length scales comparable to the Bragg wavelength (half the radar wavelength), which is 5 cm for S-band, frequency-modulated, continuous-wave radars (Richter 1969;Eaton et al 1995); 16 cm for 915-MHz boundary layer wind profilers (e.g., Ecklund et al 1988;Angevine 1997;Mead et al 1998;Beyrich et al 1998;Muschinski et al 1999b;Pollard et al 2000); about 40 cm for tropospheric wind profilers operating in the 400-MHz regime (e.g. Weber et al 1990;Steinhagen et al 1998); and 3 m for VHF stratospherictropospheric wind profilers operating at 50 MHz (e.g., Gage 1990;Rottger and Larsen 1990;Rottger 2000;VanZandt 2000). This is why knowledge about the refractive-index structure at meter-and submeter scales is essential for a physical understanding of clear-air radar echoes.…”

Section: Radar and Lidar Remote Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

meeting summary: Fifth International Symposium on Tropospheric Profiling

May¹

2001

Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.

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The Fifth International Symposium on Tropospheric Profiling was held in Adelaide, Australia, between 4 and 8 December 2000. The focus of this meeting is on research and operational needs, and on available technologies relating to the profiling of wind, temperature, humidity, aerosols, and clouds. The first of these meetings was held in Boulder, Colorado, in 1998 with a focus primarily on wind profilers. Since then it has grown and broadened to include strong representation from the satellite, lidar, passive groundbased systems, and cloud radar communities. As its name indicates, the main aim and challenge of the symposium is to bring together users of tropospheric profiling measurements, or at least people familiar with user needs, and the developers of new and refined technology and techniques. To this end, some sessions were organized by area of application and others by technology. Most sessions had one or two invited speakers to introduce the topic or to offer a new perspective. Sessions and invited speakers are shown in Table 1. There were also two poster sessions, of

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“…Only observations without (1-bit) pulse compression were used to calculate reflectivity. Table 2 summarizes configurations and operating parameters. A unique capability of the wind profiler is its ability to rapidly sample both vertical and horizontal velocities in clear air (Gage 1990;Van Zandt 2000). However, because of the operating frequency, the MRI wind profiler cannot measure the vertical wind component during precipitation events, and instead measures the vertical velocity of falling hydrometeors Kobayashi and Adachi 2005).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Nonclassical Gust Front and a Solitary Wave Embedded within a Typhoon as Observed with Doppler Radar and Wind Profiler

Adachi¹,

Kobayashi²

2009

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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Observations from a Doppler radar, a wind profiler, and a meteorological tower were used to study the evolution of two thin-line echoes that were observed in the radar reflectivity field over the Kanto Plain of Japan as Typhoon Higos (0221) passed in October 2002. Both thin-line echoes were accompanied by gusty winds and followed by cold airflows, and both passed the field site of the Meteorological Research Institute (MRI) in Tsukuba, Japan. Data from the MRI instrument array and from a surface observation network revealed that the first thinline echo was caused by a gust front, and the second thin-line echo was caused by a solitary wave.Although it was demonstrated that the first thin-line echo was due to a gust front, this gust front could not be categorized as a so-called thunderstorm gust front because it had no parent thunderstorm; rather, Doppler radar and wind profiler observations suggested that both relatively strong (@4 m s À1 ) downdrafts and large momentum transported by the downdrafts from aloft (@4 km) to lower levels produced and enhanced near-surface winds behind the gust front. In contrast, the solitary wave associated with the second thin-line echo likely developed as another gust front that generated from an outer rainband to the south of the typhoon center met a stable layer formed by the cold outflow behind the gust front associated with the first thin-line echo. The ducting mechanism that enabled the solitary wave to propagate was also revealed from the wind profiler and radiosonde measurements.

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A brief history of the development of wind-profiling or MST radars

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

A proposal on the study of solar‐terrestrial coupling processes with atmospheric radars and ground‐based observation network

A proposal on the study of solar‐terrestrial coupling processes with atmospheric radars and ground‐based observation network

meeting summary: Fifth International Symposium on Tropospheric Profiling

A Nonclassical Gust Front and a Solitary Wave Embedded within a Typhoon as Observed with Doppler Radar and Wind Profiler

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