A brief history of periodontics in the United States of America: Pioneers and thought‐leaders of the past, and current challenges

Abstract

This paper summarizes historical events in periodontology in the United States over the past 200 years. The contributions of some of the key thought‐leaders of the past are highlighted. Throughout the 20th century, the evolution of thought, leading to the views currently held regarding the pathogenesis and treatment of periodontal diseases, was significantly influenced by: (1) major changes in health‐care education; (2) the emergence of periodontics as a specialty of dentistry; (3) the publication of peer‐reviewed journals with an emphasis on periodontology; (4) formation of the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); and (5) expansion of periodontal research programs by the NIDCR. The two major future challenges facing periodontal research are development of a better understanding of the ecological complexities of host‐microbial interactions in periodontal health and disease, and identification of the relevant mechanisms involved in the predictable regeneration of damaged periodontal tissues.

Dose‐dependent effect of smoking and smoking cessation on periodontitis‐related tooth loss during 10 ‐ 47 years periodontal maintenance—A retrospective study in compliant cohort

“…Both host genetic factors (Zhang, Yu, & Arce, 2020) and epigenetic modifications (non-DNA encoded changes in gene expression caused by environmental and other factors) play important roles in the pathogenesis of periodontitis (Larsson, Castilho, & Giannobile, 2015;Martins et al, 2016). Neutrophil function is also altered in smokers (Armitage, 2020). However, the specific cellular and molecular mechanisms that may contribute towards the washout period in former smokers are still largely unknown.…”

Enxertos ósseos em odontologia – uma revisão integrativa da literatura

“…As vantagens comuns dos substitutos ósseos aloplásticos são a qualidade do produto padronizado, e a ausência de risco de doenças infecciosas e disponibilidade ilimitada de material (Stevenson et al, 1993;Hsu e Wang, 2013). Por apresentarem baixa capacidade regenerativa, os substitutos ósseos aloplásticos são frequentemente usados em associação a outras classes de enxerto ósseo, assim como aplicados com fatores de crescimento e / ou membranas (Hsu e Wang, 201;Haugen et al, 2019;Armitage, 2020).…”

Alloplastic Bone Substitutes for Periodontal and Bone Regeneration in Dentistry: Current Status and Prospects

“…In recent years, these materials have also been applied to bone defects caused by peri-implantitis [3,4]. In the early 20th century, autologous bone from intraoral and extraoral sites was commonly used for periodontal and bone regeneration [5][6][7]. Autologous bone is considered the gold standard because it is the only bone graft that has the following three properties: osteogenesis, osteoinduction, and osteoconduction [8][9][10].…”