A breathable and highly impact-resistant shear-thickened fluid (STF) based TENG via hierarchical liquid-flow spinning for intelligent protection

Shang, Lulu; Wu, Zhanpeng; Li, Xiaoying; Xu, Ao; Miao, Ying; Xu, Weilin; Tang, Wenyang; Fu, Chiyu; Su, Bin; Dong, Kai; Xia, Zhigang

doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2023.108955

Cited by 10 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 51 publications

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“…The abrupt transition from a liquid state to a solid state is due to the formation of aggregates or hydroclusters, which significantly increase the viscosity of the fluid. Due to the unique properties of STFs, they have been used in many areas, including flexible body armor [10], lithium-ion battery safety [11,12], dampers [13,14], and smart wearables [15], etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and rheological performance of shear-thickening waterborne polyurethane

Wang,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Mater. Res. Express

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Shear-thickening fluids (STFs) are a new type of intelligent material with excellent performance whose viscosity increase sharply with the increase of shear rate or shear stress. However, the synthesis yield of dispersed phase particles is low, and the particle re-dispersion process is challenging for the industrial production of STFs. In this work, through structural design, a waterborne polyurethane (WPU) with typical shear-thickening properties was synthesized for the first time. This synthesis process is conducive to industrial production. The rheological properties of the synthesized WPU at different concentrations, temperatures, and pH were studied using a rheometer. The results showed that the WPU exhibited typical shear-thickening behavior. However, due to the special core-shell structure of the WPU particles, the shear rate has two transition responses to the shear-thickening behavior. With increasing concentration, the shear-thickening performance of the WPU is enhanced, and the critical shear rate is decreased. For the coexistence of Brownian motion and solvation, the rheological curve of the WPU exhibits a complex response to temperature increase; its shear-thickening behavior decreases with rising temperature, but the viscosity first decreases and then increases with temperature. Due to the presence of carboxyl groups on the surface of the WPU particles, its shear-thickening performance shows a strong response to pH. By appropriately adjusting the pH, the viscosity and particle size of the WPU can be increased through the ionization of carboxyl groups, thereby enhancing the shear-thickening behavior.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and rheological performance of shear-thickening waterborne polyurethane

Wang,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Mater. Res. Express

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Aramid Triboelectric Materials: Opportunities for Self‐Powered Wearable Personal Protective Electronics

Chi,

Cai,

Liu

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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The seamless integration of advanced triboelectric nanogenerators with fiber material has propelled the rapid advancement of intelligent wearable electronics. The overheating and mechanical abrasion associated with prolonged operation poses a significant challenge for conventional fiber‐based triboelectric materials. Aramid fibers, characterized by high thermal stability, ultra‐high mechanical strength, and excellent insulating properties, can effectively compensate for the limitations of triboelectric materials. However, the intrinsic advantages of aramid fiber triboelectric materials and their general structural design strategies have not yet to be comprehensively elucidated. In this review, the synthesis methods and development history of aramid fiber triboelectric materials in recent years are summarized. Importantly, the unique advantages and development potential of aramid fibers as triboelectric materials are systematically discussed, particularly regarding high‐temperature resistance, high strength, and electrical insulation. Furthermore, the latest advancements in the structural design and performance modulation of aramid fiber triboelectric materials are presented. The aramid fiber‐based self‐powered wearable electronics in high‐temperature warning, impact monitoring, and human energy harvesting are summarized. Finally, the challenges and opportunities facing the future development of aramid fiber‐based triboelectric nanogenerators are discussed.

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Shear Stiffening‐Based Mechanoluminescent Device for Impact‐Thermal Coupling Protection and Impact Visualization

Duan,

Sang,

Chen

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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Intelligent impact‐protection wearable devices often require intricate circuitry to operate, which hinders the timely display of impact‐related injuries. Consequently, it is imperative to develop intelligent protective materials that are self‐sufficient and capable of visualization. In this work, the impact protection material shear‐stiffening gel (SSG) is combined with the mechanoluminescent (ML) material ZnS:Cu/PDMS@SiO2 to create ML‐SSG. This material embodies various protective features, including impact protection, force visualization, flame resistance, and long‐distance passive control, making it ideal for intelligent wearable devices. In light of the significant shear stiffening effect of SSG, ML‐SSG effectively dissipates up to 80% of the impact energy and exhibits excellent impact resistance. Concurrently, ML‐SSG is also capable of visualizing impact injuries, displaying and warning in real‐time via mechanoluminescence, and assessing the impact force based on the intensity of mechanoluminescence. The incorporation of SiO2 and ZnS:Cu has resulted in ZnS:Cu/PDMS@SiO2 with remarkable flame‐retardant property. This innovative material significantly improves the performance of ML‐SSG in complex environments. In addition, ML‐SSG realizes human–computer interaction through neural network based on mechanoluminescence display characteristics. This research significantly expands the potential applications of multifunctional protective materials in various complicated environments, thereby promoting the development of wearable protective devices.

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A breathable and highly impact-resistant shear-thickened fluid (STF) based TENG via hierarchical liquid-flow spinning for intelligent protection

Cited by 10 publications

References 51 publications

Synthesis and rheological performance of shear-thickening waterborne polyurethane

Synthesis and rheological performance of shear-thickening waterborne polyurethane

Aramid Triboelectric Materials: Opportunities for Self‐Powered Wearable Personal Protective Electronics

Shear Stiffening‐Based Mechanoluminescent Device for Impact‐Thermal Coupling Protection and Impact Visualization

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