A Breakthrough Application of a Cross-Linked Polystyrene Anion-Exchange Membrane for a Hydrogencarbonate Ion-Selective Electrode

Abstract

Polystyrene cross-linked with divinylbenzene and functionalized by a quaternary ammonium cation anion site is used as the membrane of a hydrogencarbonate (i.e., bicarbonate) ion-selective electrode. The polystyrene matrix membrane improves the selectivity towards interfering lipophilic ions in comparison to previously described polyvinyl chloride membranes. The reason for this behaviour is sought in coupled ion-exchange and pore-diffusion processes in the membrane and the resulting kinetic discrimination of interfering ions. The electrode is successfully used for determination of bicarbonates in mineral drinking waters. The simplex method is employed to refine the analytical outcome.

Toward efficient electrocatalytic oxygen evolution with a low concentration baking soda activated IrOxsurface in a hydrothermal medium

“…This can be confirmed by the XPS of O-1s (Fig. S15, ESI†), in addition to the strong Ir–O and Ir–OH species, 48,55 remarkable C–O–H and C–O peaks 56–58 are also presented in IrO x -a-BS and IrO x -a-SC. The presence of H–C-O species in IrO x -a-SC is mainly derived from the dissociation reaction of CO 3 2− (CO 3 2− + H 2 O → HCO 3 − + OH − ), but the amount of HCO 3 − was subjected to a weak dissociation constant ( K p = 10 −3.7 ).…”

New ISE-Based Apparatus for Na+, K+, Cl−, pH and Transepithelial Potential Difference Real-Time Simultaneous Measurements of Ion Transport across Epithelial Cells Monolayer–Advantages and Pitfalls

“…To get a full insight into the physiological processes, one needs to add a bicarbonate-sensitive ISE electrode to our apparatus. Only very recently, progress towards such an electrode has been reported by one of the authors [34]. One should also measure the volume transport across the epithelial layer, and we are now testing such a device.…”

Facile Fabrication of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Polyquaternium‐10 (PVA/PQ‐10) Anion Exchange Membrane with Semi‐Interpenetrating Network

“…However, despite the preparation methods of AEMs have been greatly developed in recent years, there are still problems such as complicated preparation process, high cost, poor alkali resistance stability of the membrane, too much swelling degree, and poor dimensional stability. Currently, the most studied AEM materials are mainly polyphenylene ether, [ 11–14 ] polysulfone, [ 15–21 ] polyetherketone, [ 22,23 ] polyetheretherketone, [ 24–26 ] polystyrene, [ 27,28 ] styrene thermoplastic elastomer, [ 29–31 ] etc. Nevertheless, they usually must undergo a highly complex quaternization process, including chloromethylation of benzene and quaternization of benzyl chloride.…”