“…However, since BANs are deployed on human bodies, their design need particular attention and present specific challenges that are not shared with other WSNs design problems [2,6]. A critical question is in particular constituted by the peculiar high-loss propagation behaviour of wireless signals through and over the human body: in contrast to canonical wireless networks, where high losses can be handled by increasing power emissions (see e.g., [7,8,9]), in BANs power emissions must be contained to both avoid damages to human tissues, due to overheating, and to preserve the charge of sensor batteries, whose substitution can result very uncomfortable for patients. Controlling energy consumption is thus a major aim in BAN design and is typically achieved through multi-hop routing, implemented through relay nodes, which are wireless devices that act as intermediate nodes between sinks and sensors and allow transmission of reduced power over shorter distances [10,11,12], Nowadays there is a rich literature about BANs, in particular about technical aspects concerning the definition of energy-efficient routing protocols and the study of the peculiar propagation condition in human bodies [2,6].…”