A boundary element model for acoustic responses in the ear canal and its statistical validation and updating

Pinna-related transfer functions and lossless wave equation using finite-difference methods: Verification and asymptotic solution

“…A notable SA study was conducted by Lee and Ahn [311] who employed BEM simulations ran with Synoise 5.6 to validate wave-based HRTFs against some conducted measurements. [311] studied the following factors: impedance (i.e., hair, skin, tympanic membrane), exact source location, exact receiver location.…”

“…A notable SA study was conducted by Lee and Ahn [311] who employed BEM simulations ran with Synoise 5.6 to validate wave-based HRTFs against some conducted measurements. [311] studied the following factors: impedance (i.e., hair, skin, tympanic membrane), exact source location, exact receiver location. Given the rather large errors in the acquired measurements, [311] concludes that the studied factors cannot account for all the mismatch with the measurements.…”

Statistical calibration of a finite element model for human middle ear

“…The reasons for this disagreement in the UDTF in high frequency regions are uncertain: they could originate from FE model errors, uncertainties of the material properties, and/or experimental errors as discussed in Ref. [18]. In order to assess the FE model appropriately, these errors and the variability of the UDTF due to the input uncertainties of the numerical model must be quantified.…”

“…The model calibration or updating process for a numerical model is a primary concern of numerous researchers regardless of whether the calibration is undertaken before the validation [15] or is included in the validation process [18]. The calibration process has been established overall, but for the detailed view there are numerous different strategies because there are numerous situations between a numerical model and the available experimental data in various areas.…”

“…[16] and [17]. Recently, the authors [18] explored the validation and updating for an acoustic boundary element model of a human outer ear using a statistical approach and response surface method; this research is now being extended to the developed FE model of the middle ear.…”