A $\boldsymbol{210}\times \boldsymbol{340}\times \boldsymbol{50}\boldsymbol{\mu}\mathbf{m}$ Integrated CMOS System f0 $\mathbf{r}$ Micro-Robots with Energy Harvesting, Sensing, Processing, Communication and Actuation

Liu, Xü; Lassiter, Maya; Wu, Xiao; Kim, Yejoong; Lee, Jung-Ho; Yasuda, Makoto; Kawaminami, Masaru; Miskin, Marc Z.; Blaauw, David; Sylvester, Dennis

doi:10.1109/isscc42614.2022.9731743

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…However, as mentioned above, high‐frequency communication is enabled by onboard microelectronics not available to natural organisms. iii)Chiplet size for sufficient information processing. Chiplets with sizes of 100 × 200 × 35 µm 3 [ 142 ] and 210 × 340 × 50 µm 3 [ 143 ] have been realized with full CMOS functionality, using a 180 nm node process. A calculation of the scaling of logic resources with the size of chiplets is shown in Table 1 , based on the resources required for programmable lablets or elementary 4‐bit microcontrollers.…”

Section: How This Technology Addresses the Core Functions Of Cells An...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microelectronic Morphogenesis: Smart Materials with Electronics Assembling into Artificial Organisms

McCaskill,

Karnaushenko,

Zhu

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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Microelectronic morphogenesis is the creation and maintenance of complex functional structures by microelectronic information within shape‐changing materials. Only recently has in‐built information technology begun to be used to reshape materials and their functions in three dimensions to form smart microdevices and microrobots. Electronic information that controls morphology is inheritable like its biological counterpart, genetic information, and is set to open new vistas of technology leading to artificial organisms when coupled with modular design and self‐assembly that can make reversible microscopic electrical connections. Three core capabilities of cells in organisms, self‐maintenance (homeostatic metabolism utilizing free energy), self‐containment (distinguishing self from nonself), and self‐reproduction (cell division with inherited properties), once well out of reach for technology, are now within the grasp of information‐directed materials. Construction‐aware electronics can be used to proof‐read and initiate game‐changing error correction in microelectronic self‐assembly. Furthermore, noncontact communication and electronically supported learning enable one to implement guided self‐assembly and enhance functionality. Here, the fundamental breakthroughs that have opened the pathway to this prospective path are reviewed, the extent and way in which the core properties of life can be addressed are analyzed, and the potential and indeed necessity of such technology for sustainable high technology in society is discussed.

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Section: How This Technology Addresses the Core Functions Of Cells An...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microelectronic Morphogenesis: Smart Materials with Electronics Assembling into Artificial Organisms

McCaskill,

Karnaushenko,

Zhu

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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“…[62,63,65,68,69,72,73] Photovoltaics, light-emitting diodes, and transistor-based sensors have been integrated onto releasable particles hundreds of micrometers in size, [68] forming a standalone node that can monitor temperature, pressure, conductivity or various chemicals in highly confined channels. [63,[74][75][76] Using optical communication, researchers can read out the sensor status and send instructions to these micromachines in real time. [77,78] Innovations in functional materials enabled researchers to add legs onto these electronic microparticles, turning them into microrobots that can actuate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colloidal State Machines as Smart Tracers for Chemical Reactor Analysis

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2023

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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A widely utilized tool in reactor analysis is passive tracers that report the residence time distribution, allowing estimation of the conversion and other properties of the system. Recently, advances in microrobotics have introduced powered and functional entities with sizes comparable to some traditional tracers. This has motivated the concept of Smart Tracers that could record the local chemical concentrations, temperature, or other conditions as they progress through reactors. Herein, the design constraints and advantages of Smart Tracers by simulating their operation in a laminar flow reactor model conducting chemical reactions of various orders are analyzed. It is noted that far fewer particles are necessary to completely map even the most complex concentration gradients compared with their conventional counterparts. Design criteria explored herein include sampling frequency, memory storage capacity, and ensemble number necessary to achieve the required accuracy to inform a reactor model. Cases of severe particle diffusion and sensor noise appear to bind the functional upper limit of such probes and require consideration for future design. The results of the study provide a starting framework for applying the new technology of microrobotics to the broad and impactful set of problems classified as chemical reactor analysis.

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Toward Efficient Computing for Robotics: From a Circuit and System View

Yang

Feng

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II

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A $\boldsymbol{210}\times \boldsymbol{340}\times \boldsymbol{50}\boldsymbol{\mu}\mathbf{m}$ Integrated CMOS System f0 $\mathbf{r}$ Micro-Robots with Energy Harvesting, Sensing, Processing, Communication and Actuation

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Microelectronic Morphogenesis: Smart Materials with Electronics Assembling into Artificial Organisms

Microelectronic Morphogenesis: Smart Materials with Electronics Assembling into Artificial Organisms

Colloidal State Machines as Smart Tracers for Chemical Reactor Analysis

Toward Efficient Computing for Robotics: From a Circuit and System View

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