A Bolder Conservation Future for Indonesia: Conserving Biodiversity, Carbon And Unique Ecosystem In Sulawesi

Abstract

As more ambitious protected area (PA) targets for the post-2020 global biodiversity framework is set beyond Aichi Target 11, new spatial prioritisation thinking is required to expand protected areas to maximise different environmental values. Our study focuses on the biodiversity and forest-rich Indonesian island of Sulawesi, which has a terrestrial PA network that covers 10% of the island. We run scenarios to identified areas outside the current PA network and their representativeness of conservation features. We use Marxan to investigate trade-offs in the design of a larger PA network with varying coverage targets (17%, 30%, and 50%) that prioritises forest area, karst ecosystem, and carbon value as conservation features. Our first scenario required PAs to be selected at all times, and it required larger areas to meet these targets than our second scenario, which did not include existing PAs. The vast Mekongga, Banggai, and Popayato-Paguat landscapes were consistently identified as high priorities for protection in the various scenarios. The final section of our analysis used a spatially explicit three-phase approach to achieve this through PA expansion, the creation of new PAs, and the creation of corridors to connect existing PAs. Our findings identified 13,039 km2 of priority areas to be included in the current PA network, potentially assisting Indonesia in meeting the post-2020 GBF target if our approach is replicated elsewhere across Indonesia as a national or sub-national analysis like this study. We discuss various land management options through OECMs and the costs to deliver this strategy.

Habitat preferences and site fidelity of Tarsius supriatnai in agricultural area and secondary forest of Popayato-Paguat Landscape (Gorontalo, Indonesia)

“…According to Riggs et al (2021), the entire landscape reached 84,726 Ha, including the area of production forest, protected forest, and small-scale plantation. Meanwhile, Pusparini et al (2022) stated that the total area of this landscape could reach 1.29 million Ha and form a corridor that connects two nearby protected forest areas and two KBAs. Pusparini et al (2022) found that this landscape is consistently identified as one of the highest prioritized areas for protection in various scenarios in the model that has been made.…”

“…Meanwhile, Pusparini et al (2022) stated that the total area of this landscape could reach 1.29 million Ha and form a corridor that connects two nearby protected forest areas and two KBAs. Pusparini et al (2022) found that this landscape is consistently identified as one of the highest prioritized areas for protection in various scenarios in the model that has been made. This research was conducted in Mekarti Jaya Village in Puhowato District, Gorontalo Province, Indonesia directly adjacent to this landscape.…”

Estimation of tree biomass and carbon stock in the Tangkoko Nature Reserve, North Sulawesi

“…Temperature ranges from 22 0 C to 32 0 C, and humidity can reach 100% on many months. The topography varies from mild slope into mountainous height; hence it covers coastal forest, lowland forest, montane forest, and moss forest where Anaphalis javanica and Nepenthes maxima can still be found [8,9].…”