A Blood Pump with an Interatrial Shunt for Use as an Electrohydraulic Total Artificial Heart

Tatsumi, Eisuke; Diegel, P. D.; Holfert, John W.; Dew, Pamela A.; Crump, K.R.; Hansen, Anders C N; Khanwilkar, Pratap S.; Rowles, John R.; Olsen, D. B.

doi:10.1097/00002480-199207000-00069

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The major problems encountered in developing the ERTAH were mechanical problems including low basic performance as a blood pump and a fixed flow balance between the left and the right sides that was controlled by the principle of a roller pump. The problem of flow balance was improved by employing IAS technology developed at the University of Utah to control flow balance between the right and left sides of the electrohydraulic TAH (18–21), and was noted to be useful for our ERTAH in a simulation test. The usefulness of IAS for controlling the left–right balance, which was expected in the simulation (16), is reflected in the results of the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eccentric Roller Type Total Artificial Heart Creating Interatrial Shunt

et al. 2000

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Creating an interatrial shunt to achieve leftright flow balance and modification of the blood chambers to improve the basic performance of the device were performed in developing an eccentric roller type total artificial heart (ERTAH). Smaller blood chambers reduce friction loss and increase durability and energy efficiency. We changed the left blood chamber volume of 60 ml to 40 ml and the right blood chamber volume of 53 ml to 35 ml compared with previous types. Designs of inlet and outlet ports were modified to prevent backflow. In the mock circulatory system, redesigning the blood chambers resulted in a 20% increase in energy efficiency, about a two-fold increase of cardiac output and improved durability compared to the previous type. In an animal experiment, the ERTAH operated at a driving rate of 160 rpm with a left flow rate of 6.0 L/min and a right flow rate of 5.4 L/min. Interatrial shunt flow rate was 250-400 ml/min.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eccentric Roller Type Total Artificial Heart Creating Interatrial Shunt

et al. 2000

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“…To utilize the pumping performance of the EHTAH fully, we are now developing a physiologic control method responsive to output demand. Planned to be involved in the control algorithm is fill‐to‐empty variable heart rate control logic which has been well authenticated in in vitro and in vivo evaluations ( 2, 10). To this fundamental logic providing a Starling‐like response, we contemplate adding an algorithm which transiently augments output increase in response to exercise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accommodation of the left‐right imbalance, which is caused by a left‐to‐right shunt through the bronchial arteries and a lesser stroke volume of the left heart as a consequence of greater valvular and compliance losses, is one of the major issues in a volumetrically coupled TAH system. The IAS has been documented to redistribute unequal left‐right atrial pressures and volumes both in acute and chronic settings ( 2, 10, 11). The advantage of the IAS in comparison to other balancing methods is its simplicity of fabrication and implantation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The IAS was simply made by punching an orifice at the site of the fossa ovalis in the native atrial septum. The optimal diameter of the IAS had been determined to be 4.0-5.0 mm from our group's and other groups' previous studies (2,9,10). The atrial cuffs and outflow grafts were then sutured to the respective natural tissues, and the pumping unit was installed in the thoracic cavity.…”

Section: Animal Implantation Of Intrathoracic Pumping Unitmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Vivo Evaluation of the National Cardiovascular Center Electrohydraulic Total Artificial Heart

et al. 1999

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We have been developing an electrohydraulic total artificial heart system. The system comprises an intrathoracic pumping unit composed of diaphragm type ellipsoidal blood pumps and an energy converter in addition to an electronics unit. The in vivo performance of the pumping unit was evaluated in a series of animal implantations with 3 calves weighing 62-85 kg. An interatrial shunt 4.5 mm in diameter was made in the atrial septum to compensate left-right imbalance. Two calves died early postoperatively, one of external controller power failure and the other of interatrial shunt stenosis due to thrombus formation. One calf, however, survived over 10 days under stable circulatory conditions. No abnormality was found in the oxygen metabolic condition or in major organ functions. The generation and dissipation of heat from the device was acceptable. This animal died of device malfunction caused by energy converter bearing breakdown. The device demonstrated a good anatomic fit without compromising the great vessels and adjacent tissues. It is concluded that the pumping unit has a sufficient in vivo basic performance although appropriate countermeasures are to be implemented against the detected problems concerning mechanical durability and interatrial shunt patency.

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“…The rise in the inlet flow rate of the left pump acts to mitigate left atrial pressure increase, effectively managing pulmonary congestion. Consequently, the ventricular shunt flow in the IB-Heart emulates the functionality of atrial shunts, 12,13 offering passive adjustment of the left-right flow rate balance within the TAH.…”

Section: Passive Flow Rate Balancing In Ib-heartmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of biventricular shunt on pump characteristics in a maglev total artificial heart

Shida,

Tsushima,

Osa

et al. 2023

Int J Artif Organs

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Severe left ventricular failure can progress to right ventricular failure, necessitating alternatives to heart transplantation, such as total artificial heart (TAH) treatment. Conventional TAHs encounter challenges associated with miniaturization and hemocompatibility owing to their reliance on mechanical valves and bearings. A magnetically levitated TAH (IB-Heart) was developed, utilizing a magnetic bearing. The IB-Heart features a distinctive biventricular shunt channel situated between the flow paths of the left and right centrifugal blood pumps, simplifying and miniaturizing its control system. However, the impact of these shunt channels remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the effects of shunt flow on pump characteristics and assess the IB-Heart’s potential to regulate flow balance between systemic and pulmonary circulation. At a rotational speed of 2000 rpm and flow rate range of 0–10 L/min, shunt flow exhibited a minor impact, with a 1.4 mmHg (1.3%) effect on pump characteristics. Shunt flow variation of about 0.13 L/min correlated with a 10 mmHg pressure difference between the pumps’ afterload and preload conditions. This variance was linked to changes in the inlet flow rates of the left and right pumps, signifying the ventricular shunt structure’s capacity to mirror the function of an atrial shunt in alleviating pulmonary congestion. The IB-Heart’s ventricular shunt structure enables passive regulation of left-right flow balance. The findings establish a fundamental technical groundwork for the development of IB-Hearts and TAHs with similar shunt structures. The innovative coupling of centrifugal pumps and the resultant effects on flow dynamics contribute to the advancement of TAH technology.

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A Blood Pump with an Interatrial Shunt for Use as an Electrohydraulic Total Artificial Heart

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Eccentric Roller Type Total Artificial Heart Creating Interatrial Shunt

Eccentric Roller Type Total Artificial Heart Creating Interatrial Shunt

In Vivo Evaluation of the National Cardiovascular Center Electrohydraulic Total Artificial Heart

Effects of biventricular shunt on pump characteristics in a maglev total artificial heart

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