A Blockchain Framework for Securing Connected and Autonomous Vehicles

Abstract

Recently, connected vehicles (CV) are becoming a promising research area leading to the concept of CV as a Service (CVaaS). With the increase of connected vehicles and an exponential growth in the field of online cab booking services, new requirements such as secure, seamless and robust information exchange among vehicles of vehicular networks are emerging. In this context, the original concept of vehicular networks is being transformed into a new concept known as connected and autonomous vehicles. Autonomous vehicular use yields a better experience and helps in reducing congestion by allowing current information to be obtained by the vehicles instantly. However, malicious users in the internet of vehicles may mislead the whole communication where intruders may compromise smart devices with the purpose of executing a malicious ploy. In order to prevent these issues, a blockchain technique is considered the best technique that provides secrecy and protection to the control system in real time conditions. In this paper, the issue of security in smart sensors of connected vehicles that can be compromised by expert intruders is addressed by proposing a blockchain framework. This study has further identified and validated the proposed mechanism based on various security criteria, such as fake requests of the user, compromise of smart devices, probabilistic authentication scenarios and alteration in stored user’s ratings. The results have been analyzed against some existing approach and validated with improved simulated results that offer 79% success rate over the above-mentioned issues.

Robust Sparse Bayesian Learning-Based Off-Grid DOA Estimation Method for Vehicle Localization

“…(2) Different hyperparameters estimation methods: an expectation maximization method is used in GRDOA to estimate the hyperparameters, whereas a fast evidence maximization method is used in the proposed method. (3) Different grid refining strategies: the polynomial root strategy [47] is adopted in the grid update process of GRDOA, whereas an advanced grid refining strategy consisting of a root process and a step process is provided in the proposed method.…”

“…The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) and its applications have greatly affected the society and improved the quality of life [1,2]. For example, the IoT has been widely used in the autonomous vehicles [3,4], which are viewed as a potential solution to some critical problems, such as pollution, traffic congestion, and road accidents [5]. Almost all autonomous vehicles have five basic functions, including localization, perception, control, planning, and system management [6].…”

A game theoretic analysis of resource mining in blockchain

“…Exploitation of a shared resource is a significant problem [5]. Since electricity can be considered a semi-renewable resource, we have seen an unexpected growth of electricity (or computational power) consumption resulting from BTC mining [21,22]. This has brought many miners to despair because the reward of mining a bitcoin decreases every 4 years by 50%.…”

Improving Incident Response in Big Data Ecosystems by Using Blockchain Technologies

“…There are several proposals from the scientific community that use blockchain technologies to improve the security of distributed systems in various ways. These include maintaining digital evidence of operations carried out in a system [32] to improve the security of their communications [33], in the effort to preserve personal data from unauthorized access [34]. It is not only in big data ecosystems that blockchain technology has been seen as beneficial; the use of blockchain systems has also proven itself to be effective in improving the security of other kinds of ecosystems such as IoT (Internet of Things) [35] or fog computing environments [36].…”