A Blockchain and Edge-Computing-Based Secure Framework for Government Tender Allocation

Hassija, Vikas; Chamola, Vinay; Krishna, D N; Kumar, Neeraj; Guizani, Mohsen

doi:10.1109/jiot.2020.3027070

Cited by 31 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These algorithms ensure that the data in the database (ie, in the blockchain) cannot be altered or modified after it is stored in the blockchain. 64,65…”

Section: Trusting the Untrustedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Framework for determining the suitability of blockchain: Criteria and issues to consider

Hassija

Zeadally

Jain

et al. 2021

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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Various distributed ledger technologies (DLTs), such as blockchain, have evolved significantly in recent years. These technologies provide a robust and effective solution for providing confidentiality, integrity, nonrepudiation, authentication, and transparency. While blockchain has many advantages, it has various limitations as well, such as complexity, low throughput, privacy, and so on. We discuss the issues that must be considered when deciding whether to use these technologies in a given case or not. We describe the operation of blockchain, application areas where blockchain is suitable, and those where it is not. We also discuss the applicability of other emerging DLTs, apart from blockchain technology, such as Hashgraph, Zcash, Nano coin, and IOTA. INTRODUCTIONAs the name suggests, a blockchain can be considered as a database where digital information (ie, "Blocks") is stored in a distributed network as a chain of blocks. Blockchain falls in the class of distributed ledger technologies (DLT) that allow a database to be used and maintained in a distributed manner. Blockchain provides a shared ledger of transactions 1 that can be read, verified and stored in the form of blocks, forming a chain-like structure. Depending on the size of the transaction, a block may store up to a few thousand transactions (eg, a single block in the bitcoin blockchain can store about 1 MB of data). The security and anonymity provided by blockchain relies on the use of public key based digital signatures, hash functions, and the distributed nature of the database. Participants in a blockchain are connected through a peer-to-peer (P2P) network and are independent of each other. 2 This architecture allows the sharing of resources, 3 avoids single point of failure, and reduces the likelihood of data tampering because the data is not stored or managed by specific nodes. [4][5][6] However, there are many challenges 7 that need to be resolved in the case of distributed networks. These challenges include accountability, confidentiality, integrity, nonrepudiation, and authentication, due to the absence of any central authority. Another major issue is trust because there is no central authority that can resolve any ambiguities or disagreements that may occur. Blockchain resolves all these issues. Confidentiality and authentication are ensured using two-way encryption, that is, by encrypting the data first by the sender's private key and then by the receiver's public key. To decrypt it, first the receiver's private key is used and then the sender's public key. Consequently, data remains confidential, integrity is achieved and because the data can be obtained using sender's public key, it acts as a digital signature that authenticates the data and eliminates the possibility of nonrepudiation. Trust is obtained by introducing a consensus Trans Emerging Tel Tech.

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“…These algorithms ensure that the data in the database (ie, in the blockchain) cannot be altered or modified after it is stored in the blockchain. 64,65…”

Section: Trusting the Untrustedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Framework for determining the suitability of blockchain: Criteria and issues to consider

Hassija

Zeadally

Jain

et al. 2021

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

Self Cite

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“… Blockchain technology reduces time, cost, dependency on the third party, and security of the data. Due to above stated advantages of Blockchain, it is implemented in several fields like supply chains [ 27 , 28 ], financial administrations [ 29 – 31 ], VANETs [ 32 , 33 ], UAVs [ 34 , 35 ] medicinal services [ 36 ], governments and numerous different ventures, trailblazers, energy, health and medical care [ 37 , 38 ], IoT, digital asset trading, security [ 39 , 40 ], property right protection and education, personnel big data management system [ 41 ], truth discovery [ 42 ], etc. Figure 5 shows the applications of blockchain in various fields.…”

Section: Blockchain and Its Evolution In Iotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain-envisioned access control for internet of things applications: a comprehensive survey and future directions

et al. 2022

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“…Moreover, Hassija et al. [ 130 ] used blockchain to create an edge computing infrastructure for workflow supervision in government bidding and significantly secured government plans and policies. Liu et al.…”

Section: Blockchain Networkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain-enabled wireless communications: a new paradigm towards 6G

Wang

Ling

et al. 2021

National Science Review

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With the deployment of fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks worldwide, research on sixth-generation (6G) wireless communications has commenced. It is expected that 6G networks can accommodate numerous heterogeneous devices and infrastructures with enhanced efficiency and security over diverse, e.g. spectrum, computing and storage, resources. However, this goal is impeded by a number of trust-related issues that are often neglected in network designs. Blockchain, as an innovative and revolutionary technology that has arisen in the recent decade, provides a promising solution. Building on its nature of decentralization, transparency, anonymity, immutability, traceability and resiliency, blockchain can establish cooperative trust among separate network entities and facilitate, e.g. efficient resource sharing, trusted data interaction, secure access control, privacy protection, and tracing, certification and supervision functionalities for wireless networks, thus presenting a new paradigm towards 6G. This paper is dedicated to blockchain-enabled wireless communication technologies. We first provide a brief introduction to the fundamentals of blockchain, and then we conduct a comprehensive investigation of the most recent efforts in incorporating blockchain into wireless communications from several aspects. Importantly, we further propose a unified framework of the blockchain radio access network (B-RAN) as a trustworthy and secure paradigm for 6G networking by utilizing blockchain technologies with enhanced efficiency and security. The critical elements of B-RAN, such as consensus mechanisms, smart contract, trustworthy access, mathematical modeling, cross-network sharing, data tracking and auditing and intelligent networking, are elaborated. We also provide the prototype design of B-RAN along with the latest experimental results.

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A Blockchain and Edge-Computing-Based Secure Framework for Government Tender Allocation

Cited by 31 publications

References 29 publications

Framework for determining the suitability of blockchain: Criteria and issues to consider

Framework for determining the suitability of blockchain: Criteria and issues to consider

Blockchain-envisioned access control for internet of things applications: a comprehensive survey and future directions

Blockchain-enabled wireless communications: a new paradigm towards 6G

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