A Blastocystis species from the sea-snake, Lapemis hardwickii (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae)

Teow, W.L.; Zaman, V.; Ng, G. C.; Chan, Yee Cheun; Yap, E. H.; Howe, J.; Gopalakrishnakone, P.; Singh, Mulkit

doi:10.1016/0020-7519(91)90086-m

Cited by 43 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…A total of 14 samples were untypable due to poor sequence quality. BLAST searches of the two additional isolates, which differed by a single SNP, revealed significant similarity (92%) with Blastocystis lapemi , a Blastocystis species firstly described in sea snakes of the genus Lapemis [44]. Additional analyses are being conducted in our laboratory to generate the full-length SSU rDNA sequences of these isolates and accurately determine their actual taxonomic identity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Prevalence of intestinal parasites, with emphasis on the molecular epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis and Blastocystis sp., in the Paranaguá Bay, Brazil: a community survey

et al. 2018

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BackgroundIntestinal protozoan parasites are major contributors to the global burden of gastrointestinal disease causing significant socioeconomic consequences. Children living in resource-poor settings with restricted access to water and sanitary services are particularly at risk of these infections.MethodsA prospective, community-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted in Paraná (southern Brazil) between May 2015 and May 2016. A total of 766 stool samples were individually collected from volunteers (male/female ratio: 0.99; age range: 0–76 years) and used for investigating the presence of intestinal helminth and protozoan species by routine microscopic procedures including the Kato-Katz and modified Ritchie concentration methods and the Ziehl-Neelsen stain technique. Quantitative real-time PCR confirmed microscopy-positive samples for Giardia duodenalis and the assemblages and sub-assemblages determined by multilocus sequence-based genotyping of the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) and β-giardin (bg) genes of the parasite. Identification of Blastocystis subtypes was carried out by amplification and sequencing of a partial fragment of the small-subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rDNA) of this heterokont microorganism.ResultsOverall, 46.1% (353/766) of the participants were infected/colonised by at least one intestinal parasite/commensal species. Protozoan and helminth species were detected in 42.7% and 10.1% of the surveyed population, respectively. Blastocystis sp. (28.2%), Endolimax nana (14.9%), and Giardia duodenalis (11.0%) were the most prevalent species found among protozoans and Ascaris lumbricoides (5.0%), Trichuris trichiura (4.6%) and hookworms (1.0%) among helminths. A total of 38 G. duodenalis-positive samples were genotyped at gdh and bg markers, revealing the presence of the sub-assemblages AII (47.4%), AII/AIII (2.6%), BIII (5.3%), BIV (26.3%) and BIII/BIV (13.1%). Two samples (5.3%) were only identified as assemblage B. AII was predominantly found in females aged 5–9 years and was associated with a higher likelihood of reporting gastrointestinal symptoms. A total of 102 Blastocystis-positive samples were successfully subtyped at the SSU rRNA gene revealing the presence of ST1 (36.3%), ST2 (15.7%), ST3 (41.2%), ST4 (2.9%), ST6 (1.0%) and ST8 (2.9%).ConclusionsData presented here indicate that enteric parasites still represent a pressing health concern in Paraná, Brazil, probably due to sub-optimal water, sanitation and hygiene conditions. A mostly anthroponotic origin is suspected for G. duodenalis and Blastocystis sp. infections.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3054-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Prevalence of intestinal parasites, with emphasis on the molecular epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis and Blastocystis sp., in the Paranaguá Bay, Brazil: a community survey

et al. 2018

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“…Even by transmission electron microscopy it is difficult to differentiate isolates. We have previously employed the PFGE technique to identify B. lapemi in the sea snake (Teow et al 1991) and new reptilian species of Blastocystis from the python, tortoise, and iguana lizard . In the present study this technique again helped us to examine the status of rat Blastocystis isolates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IMDM was found to be the best medium for the growth of rat Blastocystis. Following the procedures of previous workers (Zierdt and Williams 1974;Teow et al 1991), different antibiotics (ampicillin, streptomycin, claforan, colistin, vancomycin, and amphotericin B) at concentrations ranging from 50 to 4,000 g/ml were added to the liquid culture media and cell growth was monitored. Axenization could not be achieved by this strategy.…”

Section: Axenizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Description of a Blastocystis species from Rattus norvegicus

Chen

Singh

et al. 1997

Parasitology Research

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Two isolates (WR1 and WR2) of Blastocystis from laboratory-bred Wistar rats were axenized by a method of colony growth in soft agar combined with antibiotic treatment. The colonies were cultured in Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium (IMDM) and Bacto agar mixture supplemented with 10% horse serum in the presence of thioglycollate. The cells from the colonies had an ameboid outline with a central body. Large inclusions were seen in the central body of some cells. Some granular forms were also found. In the axenic culture of isolate WR2, about one-third of the organisms were granular forms. Cysts were found in the axenic culture of both isolates. This is the first report of such cyst formation in in vitro culture. The karyotypic patterns of both isolates of the rat Blastocystis were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). A total of 13 chromosomal bands were separated, ranging from 1.86 Mb to 295 kb. The karyotypic patterns of the rat Blastocystis were different from those of B. hominis and reptilian Blastocystis. On the basis of the above-mentioned differences, the rat Blastocystis is assigned as B. ratti sp. nov.

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“…hominis-like organisms has been found in several animal kinds (Abe et al 2002(Abe et al , 2003Boreham and Stenzel 1993;Duda et al 1998;Quílez et al 1993) and the description of new Blastocystis species has been accomplished attending to the host species and few biological characteristics (Belova and Kostenko 1990;Chen et al 1997;Krylov and Belova 1997), criteria considered as insufficient for speciation (Yoshikawa et al 1998). Nevertheless, some of them have singular phenetic characteristics that make them different from those found in humans and other homeothermic animals, such happens with isolates from snakes (Blastocystis lapemi and Blastocystis pythoni), iguana (Blastocystis cycluri) and tortoise (Blastocystis geocheloni) (Teow et al 1991;Singh et al 1996). The molecular studies carried out with isolates from animals, and the experimental inoculation of B. hominis in animal models, have demonstrated the existence of Blastocystis spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

High prevalence of subtype 4 among isolates of Blastocystis hominis from symptomatic patients of a health district of Valencia (Spain)

et al. 2009

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In order to know the genetic diversity of Blastocystis hominis from a health district of Valencia (Spain) 51 clinical isolates from symptomatic patients, 31 axenic and 20 monoxenic, were ribotyped by analysing the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of amplicons obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of small-subunit of ribosomal DNA genes (SSU-rDNA). For this purpose, DNA was subjected to two independent PCR (RD3-RD5, F1-R1) and to three independent treatments with restrictases (AluI, HinfI and RsaI). The digested DNA was separated electrophoretically, the isolates were clustered into ribotypes (ribodemes, RD3-RD5; subgroups, F1-R1) according to their profiles and the results were translated into genetic subtypes (ST) proposed by a consensus terminology. The results show that the isolates studied are an heterogeneous population and that both PCR-RFLP SSU-rDNA protocols have a similar discriminative power, since it allowed the ribotyping of all isolates and their clustering into four demes: ribodemes 1, 3 and 3-r and 6, which include isolates belonging to subgroup III, IV, V and V-r, respectively; which were assigned to ST1 (2%), ST2 (3.9%) and ST4 (94.1%). The most common of which is a zoonotic subtype (Blastocystis ratti) which includes, according to recent studies, non-pathogenic and pathogenic variants.

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A Blastocystis species from the sea-snake, Lapemis hardwickii (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae)

Cited by 43 publications

References 4 publications

Prevalence of intestinal parasites, with emphasis on the molecular epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis and Blastocystis sp., in the Paranaguá Bay, Brazil: a community survey

Prevalence of intestinal parasites, with emphasis on the molecular epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis and Blastocystis sp., in the Paranaguá Bay, Brazil: a community survey

Description of a Blastocystis species from Rattus norvegicus

High prevalence of subtype 4 among isolates of Blastocystis hominis from symptomatic patients of a health district of Valencia (Spain)

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