A Blade Tissue Study of Forty-seven Speices and Varieties of Aceraceae

Powers, Harold O.

doi:10.2307/2485233

Cited by 8 publications

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“…Their extreme position and homogeneity on the positive axis of the first principal component imply that hard maples at these locations had high positive scores for lamina area, pubescence, and stomatal frequency, and had high negative scores for stomate aperture. This is consistent with the contention that leaf size and pubescence characterize black maples (Dansereau and Desmarais, 1947;Desmarais, 1952;Powers, 1967;Rehder, 1940), and the results illustrate heterogeneity that could be exploited. All data in group B of Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Reduced sinus depth in black maple (Rehder, 1940) might affect convective heat loss (Gottschlish and Smith, 1982) and boundary layer thickness (Baker and Myhre, 1969). Both Desmarais (1952) and Powers (1967) concluded that leaves of black maple have a greater surface area than those of sugar maple, but relative thickness of laminae is controversial. Powers (1967) stated that laminae of black maple may be thinner than those of sugar maple, yet Preston (1989) listed thicker leaves among the traits that separate black maple from sugar maple.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Both Desmarais (1952) and Powers (1967) concluded that leaves of black maple have a greater surface area than those of sugar maple, but relative thickness of laminae is controversial. Powers (1967) stated that laminae of black maple may be thinner than those of sugar maple, yet Preston (1989) listed thicker leaves among the traits that separate black maple from sugar maple. Black maples subjected to drought in a greenhouse had a higher specific leaf weight than did drought-stressed sugar maples (Graves, 1994).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Foliar Traits of Sugar Maples and Black Maples Near 43 °N Latitude in the Eastern and Central United States

Hilaire¹,

Graves²

1999

jashs

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Selection of sugar maples (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and black maples (Acer saccharum Marsh. ssp. nigrum Desm. or Acer nigrum Michx. f.) that will be more resilient than existing cultivars in managed landscapes could be facilitated by defining relationships between geographic origin and foliar traits critical to leaf function. We examined variation in leaf morphology and anatomy of both taxa, known collectively as hard maples, near 43 °N latitude and tested for relationships between foliar traits and the longitude of origin from 70 ° to 94 °W longitude. Leaves exposed to direct solar radiation were sampled from up to 20 trees indigenous at each of 42 sites during 1995 and 1996. All leaves from east of 75.84 °W and from 92.73 °W and further west expressed morphological characters associated with sugar maple and black maple, respectively; leaves with intermediate traits were found between these two longitudes. Leaves from 90 ° to 94 °W had the highest surface area due to increases in the areas of middle and proximal portions of laminae. Up to 1162 trichomes/cm2 were present on the abaxial surface of laminae from west of 85 °W, while laminae from further east were glabrous or had ≤300 trichomes/cm2. Laminae from western habitats also had relatively high stomatal frequency, and stomatal apertures of laminae west of 91 °W were particularly narrow. Longitude did not affect specific weight and thickness of laminae, which averaged 5.5 mg·cm-2 and 90 μm, respectively. Principal component analysis of laminar traits showed existence of two clusters. A large group dominated by data from trees in New England also contained data from trees as far west as ≈93 °W longitude; data for trees further west were clustered separately. Although phenotypic continua were defined, laminae west of 93 °W were distinct, which suggests trees selected there may function differently in managed landscapes than trees selected from native populations further east.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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confidence: 99%

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Foliar Traits of Sugar Maples and Black Maples Near 43 °N Latitude in the Eastern and Central United States

Hilaire¹,

Graves²

1999

jashs

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“…In contrast, St. Hilaire and Graves (1999) found that specific leaf weight did not differ among indigenous trees in the provenances where seeds for this study were collected. Moreover, there are conflicting reports regarding how leaf thickness, which can account for differences in specific weight but was consistent among provenances in our study, varies among hard maples (Powers, 1967;Preston, 1989). The fact that we found differences in specific weight among provenances but not in total leaf thickness nor its components indicates that specific weight varied because of differences in cell density or some other factor, such as frequency of chloroplasts (Kloeppel and Adams, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Stability of Provenance Differences during Development of Hard Maple Seedlings Irrigated at Two Frequencies

Hilaire¹,

Graves²

2001

HortSci

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Traits associated with drought resistance vary with provenance of hard maples (Acer sp.), but the stability of differences ex situ and over time is unknown. We compared growth, dry-matter partitioning, leaf anatomy, and water relations of seedlings from central Iowa, eastern Iowa, and the northeastern United States over 2 years. Some seedlings from each of the three provenances were used as well-irrigated controls. The remaining seedlings were drought-stressed and irrigated based on evapotranspiration. Across irrigation treatments, plants from Iowa had shorter stems and higher specific weight of lamina, root: shoot dry-weight ratios, and root: lamina dry-weight ratios than did plants from the northeastern United States when treatments began. Biomass partitioning did not differ based on provenance after irrigation treatment for 2 years, but leaves from central Iowa had a higher specific weight, and their abaxial surfaces had more stomates and trichomes, than did leaves from the Northeast. Drought stress reduced conductance only in plants from central Iowa. Across provenances, drought stress reduced stomatal frequency, surface area of laminae, and dry weights of laminae and roots, and increased root: shoot dry-weight ratio. Leaf water potential of plants subjected to drought was lower at predawn and higher at midday than that of control plants. Drought did not cause osmotic adjustment in leaves. We conclude that the stability of foliar differences among provenances of hard maples validates using these traits as criteria for selecting ecotypes for use in managed landscapes prone to drought.

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“…SPI scales with lamina thickness as well as with K lamina (SPI µ lamina thickness 2.37 ± 0.63 SE in this study; SPI µ lamina thickness 2.0 ± 0.17 in our analysis of published data for 84 species; r p = 0.43; P < 0.001; data from Abrams & Kubiske 1990;Bongers & Popma 1990). As both the thickness of the lower epidermis (an approximate index of stomatal depth), and guard cell length (linearly related to stomatal pore radius) tend to increase linearly with lamina thickness (thickness of lower epidermis µ lamina thickness 0.92 ± 0.06 SE for 188 species; r p = 0.44; P < 0.001; guard cell length µ lamina thickness 1.09 ± 0.096 SE for 84 species; r p = 0.34; P < 0.001; our analysis of the data of Wylie 1951;Philpott 1953;Powers 1967;Abrams & Kubiske 1990;Bongers & Popma 1990;Roderick et al 1999b), higher SPI is likely to drive a higher g max . These correlations between K lamina and gas exchange-related traits extend the framework of previously reported correlations between branch (and wholeplant) hydraulic conductivities, stomatal dimensions, g max , and mid-day rates of transpiration and photosynthesis per leaf area Aasamaa, Sober & Rahi 2001;Bhaskar et al 2002;Meinzer 2002).…”

Section: Co-ordination Of Liquid Phase Transport Traits and Gas Exchamentioning

confidence: 78%

The ‘hydrology’ of leaves: co‐ordination of structure and function in temperate woody species

Sack

Cowan

Jaikumar

et al. 2003

Plant Cell & Environment

673

738

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The hydraulic conductance of the leaf lamina ( K lamina ) substantially constrains whole-plant water transport, but little is known of its association with leaf structure and function. K lamina was measured for sun and shade leaves of six woody temperate species growing in moist soil, and tested for correlation with the prevailing leaf irradiance, and with 22 other leaf traits. K lamina varied from 7.40 ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ 10-1 for Vitis labrusca sun leaves. Tree sun leaves had 15-67% higher K lamina than shade leaves. K lamina was co-ordinated with traits associated with high water flux, including leaf irradiance, petiole hydraulic conductance, guard cell length, and stomatal pore area per lamina area. K lamina was also co-ordinated with lamina thickness, water storage capacitance, 1/mesophyll water transfer resistance, and, in five of the six species, with lamina perimeter/area. However, for the six species, K lamina was independent of inter-related leaf traits including leaf dry mass per area, density, modulus of elasticity, osmotic potential, and cuticular conductance. K lamina was thus co-ordinated with structural and functional traits relating to liquid-phase water transport and to maximum rates of gas exchange, but independent of other traits relating to drought tolerance and to aspects of carbon economy.

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A Blade Tissue Study of Forty-seven Speices and Varieties of Aceraceae

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Foliar Traits of Sugar Maples and Black Maples Near 43 °N Latitude in the Eastern and Central United States

Foliar Traits of Sugar Maples and Black Maples Near 43 °N Latitude in the Eastern and Central United States

Stability of Provenance Differences during Development of Hard Maple Seedlings Irrigated at Two Frequencies

The ‘hydrology’ of leaves: co‐ordination of structure and function in temperate woody species

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