A bistratified amacrine cell and synaptic circuitry in the inner plexiform layer of the retina

Famiglietti, Edward V.; Kolb, Helga

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(75)90983-x

Cited by 445 publications

(385 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Rod bipolar cell axon terminals, identified by the presence of a ribbon and the features of their postsynaptic dyads, were never presynaptic to Y1-immunoreactive processes. This finding suggests that the bipolar cell terminals engaged in synaptic relationships with Y1-immunoreactive amacrine cell processes were ON-and OFF-type cone bipolar cells (Famiglietti and Kolb, 1975;Freed et al, 1987;Chun et al, 1993;Wässle et al, 1995).…”

Section: Synaptic Connectivity Of Y1 Immunoreactive Cellsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Localization of neuropeptide Y1 receptor immunoreactivity in the rat retina and the synaptic connectivity of Y1 immunoreactive cells

D'Angelo¹,

Oh²,

Chun³

et al. 2002

J of Comparative Neurology

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Neuropeptide Y (NPY), an inhibitory neuropeptide expressed by a moderately dense population of wide-field amacrine cells in the rat retina, acts through multiple (Y1-y6) G-protein-coupled receptors. This study determined the cellular localization of Y1 receptors and the synaptic connectivity of Y1 processes in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) of the rat retina. Specific Y1 immunoreactivity was localized to horizontal cell bodies in the distal inner nuclear layer and their processes in the outer plexiform layer. Immunoreactivity was also prominent in cell processes located in strata 2 and 4, and puncta in strata 4 and 5 of the IPL. Double-label immunohistochemical experiments with calbindin, a horizontal cell marker, confirmed Y1 immunostaining in all horizontal cells. Double-label immunohistochemical experiments, using antibodies to choline acetyltransferase and vesicular acetylcholine transporter to label cholinergic amacrine cell processes, demonstrated that Y1 immunoreactivity in strata 2 and 4 of the IPL was localized to cholinergic amacrine cell processes. Electron microscopic studies of the inner retina showed that Y1-immunostained amacrine cell processes and puncta received synaptic inputs from unlabeled amacrine cell processes (65.2%) and bipolar cell axon terminals (34.8%). Y1-immunoreactive amacrine cell processes most frequently formed synaptic outputs onto unlabeled amacrine cell processes (34.0%) and ganglion cell dendrites (54.1%). NPY immunoreactivity in the rat retina is distributed primarily to strata 1 and 5 of the IPL, and the present findings, thus, suggest that NPY acts in a paracrine manner on Y1 receptors to influence both horizontal and amacrine cells. Indexing termsamacrine cells; choline acetyltransferase; calcium binding protein; horizontal cells; neuropeptides Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has multiple physiologic actions in both the central and peripheral nervous system, including effects on blood flow, memory retention, food intake, epilepsy, and pain (Lundberg et al., 1996;Munglani et al., 1996;Balasubramaniam, 1997;Blomqvist and Herzog, 1997;Thorsell et al., 2000;Furtinger et al., 2001;Naveilhan et al., 2001). These NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript effects are mediated by means of at least five G-protein-coupled receptors, designated as Y1, Y2, Y4, Y5, and y6, which are coupled to pertussis toxin-sensitive inhibitory Gproteins (Lundberg et al., 1996;Munglani et al., 1996;Balasubramaniam, 1997;Blomqvist and Herzog, 1997;Michel et al., 1998). Y-receptors have been localized to specific regions of the central and peripheral nervous system by receptor binding autoradiography, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization (Zhang et al., 1994;Bao et al., 1997;Jacques et al., 1997;Dumont et al., 1998;Hökfelt et al., 1998;Gackenheimer et al., 2001). Y1 receptor is the most studied Y-receptor and it plays key roles in many of the central and peripheral effects of NPY (Lundberg et al., 1996;Munglani et al., 1996;Balasubramaniam, 1997;Blomqvist and H...

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Section: Synaptic Connectivity Of Y1 Immunoreactive Cellsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Localization of neuropeptide Y1 receptor immunoreactivity in the rat retina and the synaptic connectivity of Y1 immunoreactive cells

D'Angelo¹,

Oh²,

Chun³

et al. 2002

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…5F ). Whereas at the cone bipolar cell synapses the two postsynaptic elements are preferentially a process of an amacrine cell and a dendrite of a ganglion cell (Dowling and Boycott, 1966), at the rod bipolar cell synapse both postsynaptic elements belong to amacrine cells (Famiglietti and Kolb, 1975;Chun et al, 1993). At the bipolar cell synapses only one of the postsynaptic processes was labeled.…”

Section: Mglur5a Is Localized To Amacrine Cell Processes In the Iplmentioning

confidence: 99%

Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors mGluR1α and mGluR5a: Localization in Both Synaptic Layers of the Rat Retina

et al. 1997

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We examined the distribution of the group I metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR1␣ and mGluR5a, in the adult rat retina and during postnatal development using receptorspecific antisera. In contrast to the restricted localization of group II and group III mGluRs to either the outer plexiform layer (OPL) or the inner plexiform layer (IPL), group I mGluRs are present in both synaptic layers in the rat retina. Double-labeling experiments and electron microscopy showed that in the OPL the two receptors are localized on the dendritic tips of bipolar cells postsynaptic to photoreceptor terminals. In the IPL the two mGluRs are localized on amacrine cell processes postsynaptic to bipolar cell terminals. These results suggest that group I mGluRs are involved in synaptic processing in both plexiform layers and in both the scotopic and photopic pathways in the rat retina. We propose that mGluR1␣ and mGluR5a play an important modulatory role in the responses of retinal neurons to inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters.

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“…(Famiglietti and Kolb, 1975;Kolb 1979;Kolb and Famiglietti 1974;Strettoi et al, 1990Strettoi et al, , 1992. The synaptic input from rod bipolar cells is located at the arboreal dendrites in sublamina b of the IPL.…”

Section: The Aii Amacrine Cell In the Mammalian Retinamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first evidence for potential electrical synapses between AII amacrine cells came from ultrastructural studies of cat retina (Famiglietti and Kolb, 1975;Kolb and Famiglietti, 1974). These studies defined the AII amacrine cells as such and demonstrated several of their synaptic contacts.…”

Section: Homologous Gap Junctions Between Aii Amacrine Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As for the homologous junctions between AII amacrines, the first evidence for electrical synapses between AII amacrines and ON-cone bipolar cells also came from ultrastructural studies in cat retina (Famiglietti and Kolb, 1975;Kolb, 1979;Kolb and Famiglietti 1974), but has since been verified for several other mammalian retinas (Chun et al, 1993;Massey and Mills, 1999b;Tsukamoto et al, 2001;Wässle et al, 1995).…”

Section: Heterologous Gap Junctions Between Aii Amacrines and On-conementioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrical synapses between AII amacrine cells in the retina: Function and modulation

Hartveit

Veruki

2012

Brain Research

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Adaptation enables the visual system to operate across a large range of background light intensities. There is evidence that one component of this adaptation is mediated by modulation of gap junctions functioning as electrical synapses, thereby tuning and functionally optimizing specific retinal microcircuits and pathways. The AII amacrine cell is an interneuron found in most mammalian retinas and plays a crucial role for processing visual signals in starlight, twilight and daylight. AII amacrine cells are connected to each other by gap junctions, potentially serving as a substrate for signal averaging and noise reduction, and there is evidence that the strength of electrical coupling is modulated by the level of background light. Whereas there is extensive knowledge concerning the retinal microcircuits that involve the AII amacrine cell, it is less clear which signaling pathways and intracellular transduction mechanisms are involved in modulating the junctional conductance between electrically coupled AII amacrine cells. Here we review the current state of knowledge, with a focus on recent evidence that suggests that the modulatory control involves activity-dependent changes in the phosphorylation of the gap junction channels between AII amacrine cells, potentially linked to their intracellular Ca 2+ dynamics.

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A bistratified amacrine cell and synaptic circuitry in the inner plexiform layer of the retina

Cited by 445 publications

References 14 publications

Localization of neuropeptide Y1 receptor immunoreactivity in the rat retina and the synaptic connectivity of Y1 immunoreactive cells

Localization of neuropeptide Y1 receptor immunoreactivity in the rat retina and the synaptic connectivity of Y1 immunoreactive cells

Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors mGluR1α and mGluR5a: Localization in Both Synaptic Layers of the Rat Retina

Electrical synapses between AII amacrine cells in the retina: Function and modulation

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