A Bird Atlas of Kenya

Lewis, Adrian; Pomeroy, Derek

doi:10.1201/9781315136264

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Considering the prominent abundance of blood-fed Cx . pipiens (19.77%) in Homa Bay County ( Table 3 ) and its substantial human feeding pattern ( Table 3 ), it is surprising that the diverse bulk of wild birds that thrive from fish and aquatic organisms along the shores of Lakes Victoria and Baringo [ 33 ] did not form a higher proportion of Cx . pipiens bloodmeals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling Host-Vector-Arbovirus Interactions by Two-Gene High Resolution Melting Mosquito Bloodmeal Analysis in a Kenyan Wildlife-Livestock Interface

et al. 2015

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The blood-feeding patterns of mosquitoes are directly linked to the spread of pathogens that they transmit. Efficient identification of arthropod vector bloodmeal hosts can identify the diversity of vertebrate species potentially involved in disease transmission cycles. While molecular bloodmeal analyses rely on sequencing of cytochrome b (cyt b) or cytochrome oxidase 1 gene PCR products, recently developed bloodmeal host identification based on high resolution melting (HRM) analyses of cyt b PCR products is more cost-effective. To resolve the diverse vertebrate hosts that mosquitoes may potentially feed on in sub-Saharan Africa, we utilized HRM profiles of both cyt b and 16S ribosomal RNA genes. Among 445 blood-fed Aedeomyia, Aedes, Anopheles, Culex, Mansonia, and Mimomyia mosquitoes from Kenya’s Lake Victoria and Lake Baringo regions where many mosquito-transmitted pathogens are endemic, we identified 33 bloodmeal hosts including humans, eight domestic animal species, six peridomestic animal species and 18 wildlife species. This resolution of vertebrate host species was only possible by comparing profiles of both cyt b and 16S markers, as melting profiles of some pairs of species were similar for either marker but not both. We identified mixed bloodmeals in a Culex pipiens from Mbita that had fed on a goat and a human and in two Mansonia africana mosquitoes from Baringo that each had fed on a rodent (Arvicanthis niloticus) in addition to a human or baboon. We further detected Sindbis and Bunyamwera viruses in blood-fed mosquito homogenates by Vero cell culture and RT-PCR in Culex, Aedeomyia, Anopheles and Mansonia mosquitoes from Baringo that had fed on humans and livestock. The observed mosquito feeding on both arbovirus amplifying hosts (including sheep and goats) and possible arbovirus reservoirs (birds, porcupine, baboons, rodents) informs arbovirus disease epidemiology and vector control strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling Host-Vector-Arbovirus Interactions by Two-Gene High Resolution Melting Mosquito Bloodmeal Analysis in a Kenyan Wildlife-Livestock Interface

et al. 2015

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“…Compared with a less successful congener, the tree sparrow (Passer montanus), the house sparrow invests little energy in inflammatory immune responses (Lee et al, 2005) at one site in its introduced range, biasing its defenses towards adaptive responses (Lee et al, 2006). In Kenya, where house sparrows were introduced to Mombasa in approximately 1950 (Lewis and Pomeroy, 1989), inflammation seems to have mitigated spread over the last 60 years. Range-edge birds have become quite distinct from birds at the core (Liebl and Martin, 2012, 2014Martin and Liebl, 2014), in particular in terms of Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Costs of immunity and their role in the range expansion of the house sparrow in Kenya

Martin

Kilvitis

Brace

et al. 2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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There are at least two reasons to study traits that mediate successful range expansions. First, dispersers will found new populations and thus impact the distribution and evolution of species. Second, organisms moving into new areas will influence the fate of resident communities, directly competing with or indirectly affecting residents by spreading non-native or spilling-back native parasites. The success of invaders in new areas is likely mediated by a counterbalancing of costly traits. In new areas where threats are comparatively rare, individuals that grow rapidly and breed prolifically should be at an advantage. High investment in defenses should thus be disfavored. In the present study, we compared the energetic, nutritional and collateral damage costs of an inflammatory response among Kenyan house sparrow (Passer domesticus) populations of different ages, asking whether costs were related to traits of individuals from three different capture sites. Kenya is among the world's most recent range expansions for this species, and we recently found that the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), leukocyte receptors that instigate inflammatory responses when bound to microbial elements, was related to the range expansion across the country. Here, we found (contrary to our expectations) that energetic and nutritional costs of inflammation were higher, but damage costs were lower, in range-edge compared with core birds. Moreover, at the individual level, TLR-4 expression was negatively related to commodity costs (energy and a critical amino acid) of inflammation. Our data thus suggest that costs of inflammation, perhaps mediated by TLR expression, might mitigate successful range expansions.

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“…The relationship between vocal features and habitat structure did meet the expectation of the habitat adaptation theory that avian species living in more densely vegetated environments produce lower frequencies to minimize sound attenuation (Wiley 1991, Podos 1997, Catchpole & Slater 2008. Dendroperdix s. rovuma inhabits ecotonal areas (edge of coastal forests, with sound barriers) as opposed to neighbouring D. s. sephaena, which live in more open inland savannah habitats (Lewis & Pomeroy 1989, Chittenden et al 2012; this may explain why D. s. rovuma produces the lowest high frequencies (95%) of all the subspecies. Likewise, D. s. zambesiae lives in dense riparian vegetation in the Okavango area, just north of D. s. sephaena, and also produces a lower high-frequency call (95%).…”

Section: Spatial Patterns Of Vocalizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Call variation of Crested Francolin (Dendroperdix sephaena) across Africa defies the effects of spatial gradients

Niekerk

Megía‐Palma

Forcina

2021

Ibis

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The study of intraspecific geographical variation of non-passerine vocalizations remains under-studied, especially in African species. We explored spatial patterns in call variation of the Crested Francolin Dendroperdix sephaena across its wide sub-Saharan distribution in Africa. We extracted and compared 152 pair duets from 44 recordings encompassing four D. sephaena subspecies and, in the field, played back each subspecies' vocalizations to 15 D. s. sephaena and three D. s. zambesiae males to document their behaviour. We recorded strong responses to con-subspecific calls and weak responses to hetero-subspecific calls, especially towards D. s. grantii and D. s. rovuma. This indicates that intraspecific vocal variability in D. sephaena is not clinal but spatially discrete, and strictly reflects subspecies affiliation (albeit with more similar vocal features among geographically neighbouring subspecies). Vocal variation in D. sephaena may have evolved under palaeoclimatic events that fragmented its former range and promoted allopatric diversification before a re-expansion into partial sympatry.

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A Bird Atlas of Kenya

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Unraveling Host-Vector-Arbovirus Interactions by Two-Gene High Resolution Melting Mosquito Bloodmeal Analysis in a Kenyan Wildlife-Livestock Interface

Unraveling Host-Vector-Arbovirus Interactions by Two-Gene High Resolution Melting Mosquito Bloodmeal Analysis in a Kenyan Wildlife-Livestock Interface

Costs of immunity and their role in the range expansion of the house sparrow in Kenya

Call variation of Crested Francolin (Dendroperdix sephaena) across Africa defies the effects of spatial gradients

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