A biorefinery processing perspective: Treatment of lignocellulosic materials for the production of value-added products

FitzPatrick, Michael; Champagne, Pascale; Cunningham, Michael F.; Whitney, Ralph A.

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.06.125

Cited by 712 publications

(359 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Interest in further applications of cellulose continues to grow (Klemm et al 2005). Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose provides access to its constituent units, monosaccharides, which can then be converted into a number of products via microbial fermentation (FitzPatrick et al 2010). Bioethanol is the most mature of the fermentation products, providing renewable transportation fuel (Otero et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualization of structural changes in cellulosic substrates during enzymatic hydrolysis using multimodal nonlinear microscopy

et al. 2016

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Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose provides a renewable source of monosaccharides for production of variety of biochemicals and biopolymers. Unfortunately, the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose is often incomplete, and the reasons are not fully understood. We have monitored enzymatic hydrolysis in terms of molecular density, ordering and autofluorescence of cellulose structures in real time using simultaneous CARS, SHG and MPEF microscopy with the aim of contributing to the understanding and optimization of the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. Three celluloserich substrates with different supramolecular structures, pulp fibre, acid-treated pulp fibre and Avicel, were studied at microscopic level. The microscopy studies revealed that before enzymatic hydrolysis Avicel had the greatest carbon-hydrogen density, while pulp fibre and acid-treated fibre had similar density. Monitoring of the substrates during enzymatic hydrolysis revealed the double exponential SHG decay for pulp fibre and acid-treated fibre indicating two phases of the process. Acid-treated fibre was hydrolysed most rapidly and the hydrolysis of pulp fibre was spatially non-uniform leading to fractioning of the particles, while the hydrolysis of Avicel was more than an order of magnitude slower than that of both fibres.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualization of structural changes in cellulosic substrates during enzymatic hydrolysis using multimodal nonlinear microscopy

et al. 2016

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“…Before plant materials can be converted to biofuels by fermentation, their cell wall polysaccharides must be hydrolyzed to sugar monomers for microbial conversion (1). The hydrolysis processes generates, in addition to the sugars, small acids, furans, and other compounds that affect microbial growth and inhibit fermentation (2)(3)(4)(5). The inhibitory effects of these compounds represent a challenge to efficient microbial bioconversion.…”

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confidence: 99%

Plant-derived antifungal agent poacic acid targets β-1,3-glucan

Piotrowski

Okada

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

136

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A rise in resistance to current antifungals necessitates strategies to identify alternative sources of effective fungicides. We report the discovery of poacic acid, a potent antifungal compound found in lignocellulosic hydrolysates of grasses. Chemical genomics using Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed that loss of cell wall synthesis and maintenance genes conferred increased sensitivity to poacic acid. Morphological analysis revealed that cells treated with poacic acid behaved similarly to cells treated with other cell wall-targeting drugs and mutants with deletions in genes involved in processes related to cell wall biogenesis. Poacic acid causes rapid cell lysis and is synergistic with caspofungin and fluconazole. The cellular target was identified; poacic acid localized to the cell wall and inhibited β-1,3-glucan synthesis in vivo and in vitro, apparently by directly binding β-1,3-glucan. Through its activity on the glucan layer, poacic acid inhibits growth of the fungi Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Alternaria solani as well as the oomycete Phytophthora sojae. A single application of poacic acid to leaves infected with the broad-range fungal pathogen S. sclerotiorum substantially reduced lesion development. The discovery of poacic acid as a natural antifungal agent targeting β-1,3-glucan highlights the potential side use of products generated in the processing of renewable biomass toward biofuels as a source of valuable bioactive compounds and further clarifies the nature and mechanism of fermentation inhibitors found in lignocellulosic hydrolysates.

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“…This has strengthened the incentive to consider alternative and more sustainable raw materials for the production of chemicals and value-added materials. A promising alternative is lignocellulosic biomass (FitzPatrick et al 2010), especially from wood, as forests provide one of the largest sources of raw material for biorefining (Asikainen 2010). This study focuses on softwoods, such as spruce and pine, which are common in the northern hemisphere (Galbe and Zacchi 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lattice Boltzmann simulations of diffusion through native and steam-exploded softwood bordered pits

et al. 2017

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Bordered pits connect adjacent tracheid cells in softwoods and enable water transport between them. Knowledge of how large molecules, such as polysaccharides and enzymes, are transported through pits is important to understand the extraction process of valuable biopolymers from wood. The main mass transport mechanism for large dissolved molecules in wood is diffusion, and this is investigated through mathematical modeling in the lattice Boltzmann framework utilizing SEM images and 3D reconstruction of an actual bordered pit to compute an effective diffusion coefficient. Confocal laser scanning microscopy is used to find the unobstructed diffusion coefficients in a free aqueous solution using fluorescent diffusion probes of dextran. The effect of steam explosion on pit structure is explored through the use of a simplified model. The importance of different components of a bordered pit is investigated using simulation data, and results show that the most important structural features are the borders. Expressions for the effective diffusion coefficient as a function of the free diffusion coefficient are presented for a native and for a steam-exploded pit, respectively.

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A biorefinery processing perspective: Treatment of lignocellulosic materials for the production of value-added products

Cited by 712 publications

References 67 publications

Visualization of structural changes in cellulosic substrates during enzymatic hydrolysis using multimodal nonlinear microscopy

Visualization of structural changes in cellulosic substrates during enzymatic hydrolysis using multimodal nonlinear microscopy

Plant-derived antifungal agent poacic acid targets β-1,3-glucan

Lattice Boltzmann simulations of diffusion through native and steam-exploded softwood bordered pits

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