A biorefinery concept for simultaneous recovery of cellulosic ethanol and phenolic compounds from oil palm fronds: Process optimization

Ofori-Boateng, Cynthia; Lee, Keat Teong; Saad, Bahruddin

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2014.02.030

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…CH 4 , C 2 H 6, and C 2 H 4 may be released by the deterioration of –C–H functional groups or these peaks were attributed to cellulose –OH group stretching bands due to the vibration of hydrogen‐bonded hydroxyl groups . The absorbance peaks at 1645, 1616, 1610, and 1611 cm ‐1 were observed, which show the presence of aromatic C═C stretching from the aromatic ring of lignin and aromatic groups formed by the carbonization . The decrease of the band around 1645 cm ‐1 for raw palm shells shows the higher degree of removal of inorganic carbonate .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[53,54] The absorbance peaks at 1645, 1616, 1610, and 1611 cm -1 were observed, which show the presence of aromatic C═C stretching from the aromatic ring of lignin and aromatic groups formed by the carbonization. [50,55] The decrease of the band around 1645 cm -1 for raw palm shells shows the higher degree of removal of inorganic carbonate. [56,57] Comparing the peaks of raw palm shells with hydrochar products, it was observed that the peaks at 1200-950 cm -1 were decreased.…”

Section: Fuel Characteristics Of Hydrocharmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Synthesis and characterization of hydrochars produced by hydrothermal carbonization of oil palm shell

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this paper, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is applied to oil palm shells to produce a solid fuel known as hydrochar. The effect of reaction temperatures 220–290 °C at reaction time 30 min, and a biomass to water ratio of 0.15 g/g (15 wt %) was investigated for synthesis of hydrochar. The hydrochar yield percentage decreased from 62.4 to 43 % with increasing temperature from 220 to 290 °C. In addition, carbon percentage increased with an increase in temperature from 26.93 (oil palm shell) to 63.77 % (hydrochar produced at 290 °C). The higher heating value (HHV) tended to increase from 12.24 MJ/kg (oil palm shell) to 26.80 MJ/kg for hydrochar products. The raw palm shell and hydrochars were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Branuer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET), Field Emission Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Surface porosity of hydrochar product increased, which resulted in a compacted surface and large surface area. BET surface area, total pore volume, and average pore diameter were improved from 0.316 m2/g, 0.001 29 cm3/g, and 45.1153 nm to 12.5996 m2/g, 0.0557 cm3/g, and 113.4120 nm, respectively, at 260 °C.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fuel Characteristics Of Hydrocharmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of hydrochars produced by hydrothermal carbonization of oil palm shell

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Studies have shown that OPL extracts (OPLE) contain a myriad of beneficial water-soluble flavonoids and phenolic acids, as well as oil-soluble vitamin E, α-and β-tocopherols [10]. These compounds are recognized for their potency as antioxidants, anti-mutagenic, antiinflammatory and anti-cancer agents, as well as several other nutritional and health benefits [11][12]. Other bioactive ingredients exhibiting anti-tyrosinase and antimicrobial activities are also present in the OPLE, whereas certain compounds can protect the human skin against ultraviolet (UV) radiation, implying their usability for topical application [13].…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical Modelling of Ultrasonic-Aided Extraction of <i>Elaeis guineensis</i> Leaves for Better-Quality Yield and Total Phenolic Content

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present study highlighted the statistical modeling of an ultrasonic-aided extraction (UAE) of Elaeis guineensis leaves extract for maximal extraction yield (EY) and total phenolic content (TPC). A Box-Behnken design investigated the effects of ethanol concentration (X1: 0−100%), extraction time (X2: 5−55 min), the solvent-to-solid ratio (X3: 15:1−35:1 mL/g) and sonification amplitude (X4: 20−100 %). Under optimized conditions, the highest EY of 14.38% was attained using 50% (v/v) ethanol:water ratio, 55 min, 35 mL/g solvent-to-solid ratio, 60% sonication amplitude, whereas maximum TPC was 209.70 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g [50% (v/v) ethanol:water ratio, 30 min, 25 mL/g solvent-to-solid ratio, 60% sonication amplitude]. Second-order polynomial models of EY and TPC showed the R2 value corresponding to 0.9303 and 0.9500, respectively, indicating their significance (p < 0.05) to predict the responses. HPLC chromatograms revealed gallic acid and catechin were present in the UAE extracts. UAE technique afforded better EY (14.38%) and TPC (209.70 mg GAE/g) than maceration (3.73%, 85.23 mg GAE/g) and Soxhlet (6.86%, 102.13 mg GAE/g) extractions, as based on scanning electron micrographs of untreated, UAE, macerated and Soxhlet treated samples. Cell walls of ultrasonic-treated E. guineensis leaves were visibly disrupted to facilitate the higher release of bioactive plant materials, thus justifying the higher EY and TPC. The application of ultrasound appeared to remarkably increase the extraction efficiency of E. guineensis leaves to extract as compared to the conventional methods.

show abstract

“…On the other hand, the peak of 896 cm -1 was detected in both OPT samples. This peak indicates the presence of amorphous cellulose based on the C-O-C stretching at β-glucosidic linkages of glucose ring in cellulose69 . Thus, the reduction of 1425 cm -1 , 1325 cm -1 , and 896 cm -1 peaks after the saccharification(Figure 3) indicates the reduction of both amorphous and crystalline cellulose is due to successful degradation by the crude enzymes.Hemicellulose in lignocellulose is characterized by the transmittance peak at 1739 cm -The peak represents the stretching behaviour in C=O acetyl or carbonyl groups in the 4-Omethyl-glucano acetyl xylan component of hemicellulose in OPT71 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Furthermore, the peak at 1511 cm -1 in both samples is normally used to denote the contribution of lignin since it represents the skeletal vibration (C=C) from aromatic ring of lignin 16 . Again, the peak at 1248 cm -1 represents the C-O-C of aryl-alkyl ether in lignin69 . Apart from that, lignin is also characterized by the peak at 1601 cm -1 and 1460 cm -1 , which represents the quadrant ring stretching and asymmetric CH 3 bending, respectively, in lignin 66, 67 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Uses of Xylanase-Rich Lignocellulolytic Enzymes Cocktail for Oil Palm Trunk (OPT) Degradation and Lignocellulosic Ethanol Production

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this paper, we reported that oil pam trunk (OPT) can be used as an alternative fermentation feedstock for lignocellulolytic enzyme production and carbon source for bioethanol production. Xylanase production from OPT by locally isolated fungus, Aspergillus fumigatus SK1, under solid state fermentation (SSF) was optimized using central composite design (CCD). Under optimized conditions, a maximum xylanase activity of 1792.43 U/g was produced, which was 4.28 folds higher than before optimization. Significant amount of CMCase (56.19 U/g), FPase (3.47 U/g), and β-glucosidase (1.55 U/g) were also found concomitantly with xylanase. Subsequently, the effect of solid loading, Tween-80 concentration and incubation temperature on saccharification of OPT by the crude enzymes were optimized to enhance the total reducing sugar production. A total of 13.148 g/L of reducing sugar was reported at optimized condition. The comparisons of physiochemical characteristics between native and hydrolysed OPT by SEM, FTIR and XPS showed strong degradation capacity of the crude enzymes towards cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin.Alcoholic fermentation of the hydrolysate by Candida tropicalis RETL-Crl produced 3.067 g/L of ethanol. Higher ethanol production at 0.322 g/g with theoretical ethanol yield of 68.05%indicates Candida tropicalis RETL-Crl has a greater potential to be used in ethanol fermentation process. This result further proved that OPT has potential to be used as a renewable carbon source.

show abstract

A biorefinery concept for simultaneous recovery of cellulosic ethanol and phenolic compounds from oil palm fronds: Process optimization

Cited by 27 publications

References 40 publications

Synthesis and characterization of hydrochars produced by hydrothermal carbonization of oil palm shell

Synthesis and characterization of hydrochars produced by hydrothermal carbonization of oil palm shell

Statistical Modelling of Ultrasonic-Aided Extraction of <i>Elaeis guineensis</i> Leaves for Better-Quality Yield and Total Phenolic Content

Potential Uses of Xylanase-Rich Lignocellulolytic Enzymes Cocktail for Oil Palm Trunk (OPT) Degradation and Lignocellulosic Ethanol Production

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About