A biomonitoring assessment of secondhand exposures to electronic cigarette emissions

Abstract

Background: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) conventions regularly bring together thousands of users around the world. In these environments, secondhand exposures to high concentrations of ecigarette emissions are prevalent. Some biomarkers for tobacco smoke exposure may be used to characterize secondhand e-cigarette exposures in such an environment. Methods: Participants who did not use any tobacco product attended four separate e-cigarette events for approximately six hours. Urine and saliva samples were collected from participants prior to the event, immediately after the event, 4-h after the event, and the next morning (first void). Urine samples from 34 participants were analyzed for cotinine, trans-3′-hydroxycotinine, S-(3-hydroxypropyl)-N-acetylcysteine (3-HPMA), S-carboxyethyl-N-acetylcysteine (CEMA), select tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), and 8-isoprostane. Saliva samples were analyzed for cotinine and trans-3′-hydroxycotinine. Results: Data from 28 of 34 participants were used in the data analysis. Creatinine-adjusted urinary cotinine concentrations increased up to 13-fold and peaked 4-h after completed exposure (range of adjusted geometric means [AGMs] = 0.352-2.31 μg/g creatinine). Salivary cotinine concentrations were also the highest 4-h after completed exposure (range of AGMs = 0.0373-0.167 ng/mL). Salivary cotinine and creatinine-corrected concentrations of urinary cotinine, *

Computation modelling method to estimate secondhand exposure potential from exhalations during e-vapor use under various real-world scenarios

“…The 17 subjects in that study were also free to vape naturally in terms of preferred puff length, volume, and interval. Overall, our results are in concordance with previous reports that demonstrate while EVPs use may expose non-users to some secondhand constituents, they do not substantially increase non-user exposure to combustion toxicants [12,23,24].…”

Room air constituent concentrations from use of electronic nicotine delivery systems and cigarettes using different ventilation conditions

“…Sampled locations include shops selling ENDS 6 – 8 and homes where one or more occupants report using ENDS 8 – 10 . In some cases, this assessment approach includes measuring biomarkers of exposure in saliva, plasma or urine 11 – 15 . The second assessment approach has used more controlled situations where ENDS users are confined to a room with prescribed or ad libitum product use 3 , 4 , 16 – 23 and/or have included exhaled breath analysis 24 – 28 .…”

Tracking the Movement of Electronic Cigarette Flavor Chemicals and Nicotine from Refill Fluids to Aerosol, Lungs and Exhale

“…While our focus was on ECEAR, the suspended exhale from EC users could also cause passive secondhand exposure to non-vapors. This idea is supported by studies in which non-vaping participants who were exposed to secondhand EC aerosols had alterations in respiratory mechanics and increases in salivary and urinary cotinine, urinary trans-3’-hydroxycotinine, and acrolein metabolites (Johnson et al, 2019; Tzortzi et al, 2018).…”