A Biomimicking and Multiarm Self‐Indicating Nanoassembly for Site‐Specific Photothermal‐Potentiated Thrombolysis Assessed in Microfluidic and In Vivo Models

Abstract

Thrombolytic and antithrombotic therapies are limited by short circulation time and the risk of off‐target hemorrhage. Integrating a thrombus‐homing strategy with photothermal therapy are proposed to address these limitations. Using glycol chitosan, polypyrrole, iron oxide and heparin, biomimicking GCPIH nanoparticles are developed for targeted thrombus delivery and thrombolysis. The nanoassembly achieves precise delivery of polypyrrole, exhibiting biocompatibility, selective accumulation at multiple thrombus sites, and enhanced thrombolysis through photothermal activation. To simulate targeted thrombolysis, a microfluidic model predicting thrombolysis dynamics in realistic pathological scenarios is designed. Human blood assessments validate the precise homing of GCPIH nanoparticles to activated thrombus microenvironments. Efficient near‐infrared phototherapeutic effects are demonstrated at thrombus lesions under physiological flow conditions ex vivo. The combined investigations provide compelling evidence supporting the potential of GCPIH nanoparticles for effective thrombus therapy. The microfluidic model also offers a platform for advanced thrombolytic nanomedicine development.

Biological Photonic Devices Designed for the Purpose of Bio-Imaging with Bio-Diagnosis

“…Such extended-distance transmission of light carries substantial possibilities for biological medical applications necessitating deep light penetration, such as deep tissue diagnosis as well as imaging. Other functional photonic/optical-based biomaterials were developed and applied in the theragnostic vascular diseases [143][144][145][146][147][148][149], urinary system [150], anticancer/translational medicine/characterizations [114,[151][152][153][154], and regenerative medicine applications [145,[155][156][157][158].…”

Evaluation of Pm2.5 Influence on Human Lung Cancer Cells Using a Microfluidic Platform

“…As a result, microfluidic techniques may be a new hope for detecting sensitivity of ROS on toxicity mechanisms 27 , 29 , 30 . Many studies used microfluidic or lab-on-a-chip devices as single-cell analytical tools that help to increase sensitivity and minimize dilution effects 31 and apply a high biological for inflammatory treatment 30 , 32 and illuminate the pathophysiology or screening 33 , 34 . Moreover, biological network-based systems toxicology models have been used in preclinical tobacco studies that show metabolism biomarkers and signaling associated with respiratory or cardiovascular diseases 35 .…”

Site-specific thrombus formation: advancements in photothrombosis-on-a-chip technology

“…9,10 Additionally, newly developed therapies have been evaluated on thrombosis-on-a-chip platforms to assess their nanomedicine targeting capabilities and thrombolytic performance. 11,12…”