A Biomimetic Heparinized Composite Silk-Based Vascular Scaffold with sustained Antithrombogenicity

Abstract

Autologous grafts, as the gold standard for vascular bypass procedures, associated with several problems that limit their usability, so tissue engineered vessels have been the subject of an increasing number of works. Nevertheless, gathering all of the desired characteristics of vascular scaffolds in the same construct has been a big challenge for scientists. Herein, a composite silk-based vascular scaffold (CSVS) was proposed to consider all the mechanical, structural and biological requirements of a small-diameter vascular scaffold. The scaffold’s lumen composed of braided silk fiber-reinforced silk fibroin (SF) sponge covalently heparinized (H-CSVS) using Hydroxy-Iron Complexes (HICs) as linkers. The highly porous SF external layer with pores above 60 μm was obtained by lyophilization. Silk fibers were fully embedded in scaffold’s wall with no delamination. The H-CSVS exhibited much higher burst pressure and suture retention strength than native vessels while comparable elastic modulus and compliance. H-CSVSs presented milder hemolysis in vitro and significant calcification resistance in subcutaneous implantation compared to non-heparinized ones. The in vitro antithrombogenic activity was sustained for over 12 weeks. The cytocompatibility was approved using endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in vitro. Therefore, H-CSVS demonstrates a promising candidate for engineering of small-diameter vessels.

Additively manufactured small‐diameter vascular grafts with improved tissue healing using a novel SNAP impregnation method

“…Thereafter, the supernatant was aspirated and replaced with 110 μL of DMSO and shaked for 15 min to dissolve the formazan crystals produced by viable cells. Hundred microliters of the supernatant was transferred into a new 96‐well plate and the absorbance was measured at 570 nm by using a microplate reader (BioTek; Su et al, ; Zamani et al, ).…”

Incorporation of SPION‐casein core‐shells into silk‐fibroin nanofibers for cardiac tissue engineering

“…The internal spongy lining of the lumen gets covalently heparinized using hydroxy‐iron complexes as linkers. So, among polymeric materials, SF facilitates the most promising scaffold for regeneration of vascular grafts …”

“…So, among polymeric materials, SF facilitates the most promising scaffold for regeneration of vascular grafts. 26 Recently, the concept of nanoparticles (NPs) incorporation into the scaffolds, vastly aided overcoming the challenges of myocardium tissue engineering. The gold NPs, carbon nanotubes and graphene nanosheets are some examples.…”

Sulfated Derivatives of Arabinogalactan and Their Anticoagulant Activity

“…природный гликозаминогликан гепарин. Гепарин используют для улучшения гемосовместимости поверхности медицинских приспособлений [1,2]. К сожалению, его применение, как и других современных антикоагулянтов, независимо от механизма действия может сопровождаться рядом нежелательных побочных процессов, включая тромбоцитопению и кровотечения.…”

“…4,5 , Malyar Yu.N. 1,2 , Kuznetsov B.N. 1,2 , Chesnokov N.V. 1 The IR spectra and molecular mass distribution of arabinogalactan sulfates in the form of sodium and ammonium salts, obtained using various sulfating reagents, were compared.…”