A Biomedical Implantable FES Battery-Powered Micro-Stimulator

Lee, E.; Matei, E.; Gord, J.; Hess, P.N.; Nercessian, P.; Stover, H.L.; Li, Taihu; Wolfe, Jonathan

doi:10.1109/tcsi.2009.2034052

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Since is not turned on with zero , power loss due to discharging by will be resulted. This power loss is denoted as , which can be estimated to be (14) As shown later in Section V-A, the value of can be derived to be approximately equal to where can be estimated using (7). If the turn-on time of is too short as shown in Fig.…”

Section: B Driver Operations With Non-optimal On-timementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although different methods for harvesting energy from different energy sources, including the optical source [1] and the ultrasonic energy source [2], have been considered recently by different researchers, the transcutaneous power transmission based on inductive coupling [3]- [13] is still the most common way utilized for delivering power wirelessly across the human skin to power the biomedical implants. Although some biomedical implants are designed to obtain power directly from the batteries within the implants, these batteries are still required to be recharged wirelessly [8], [14]- [17]. In an inductive coupling transcutaneous power transmission system, a primary coil, , located in the controller outside the body is used to inductively couple and power a secondary coil, , located in the implant as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Discrete Controlled Fully Integrated Class E Coil Driver With Power Efficient ASK Modulation for Powering Biomedical Implants

Lee

2015

IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I

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An integrated feedback controlled class E coil driver for wirelessly powering biomedical implants was implemented in a high voltage 0.18 CMOS process. The coil driver was compensated using a discrete switched-capacitor controller for reducing the compensation capacitor area. A linearized discrete-time model was also developed for analyzing the stability of the proposed coil driver. Different methods to reduce the on-resistance of the coil driver switch had also been investigated. When compared to the previous design, the figure of merit for measuring the effectiveness of generating coil current was improved over 2.5 times. ASK modulation on the coil current was achieved by switching on or off an additional off-chip capacitor. Power increase during ASK modulation was reduced by 49.4% when compared to the previous design.Index Terms-Amplitude shift keying, biomedical telemetry, DC-AC power converters, discrete-time systems, driver circuits, feedback circuits, inductive power transmission.

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Section: B Driver Operations With Non-optimal On-timementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Discrete Controlled Fully Integrated Class E Coil Driver With Power Efficient ASK Modulation for Powering Biomedical Implants

Lee

2015

IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I

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“…A high frequency clock reduces the size of the capacitors and increases efficiency, but is usually not available for implants. Multiple chip solutions and off-chip diodes have also been adopted to provide multiple DC voltages at the cost of increased complexity and expense in packaging [3], [4], [19], [20]. Recently, multiple power receiving coils for the generation of low and high DC voltages were presented in [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An On-Chip Multi-Voltage Power Converter With Leakage Current Prevention Using 0.18 um High-Voltage CMOS Process

Chen

Gad

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst.

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In this paper, we present an on-chip multi-voltage power converter incorporating of a quad-voltage timing-control rectifier and regulators to produce ±12 V and ±1.8 V simultaneously through inductive powering. The power converter achieves a PCE of 77.3% with the delivery of more than 100 mW to the implant. The proposed rectifier adopts a two-phase start-up scheme and mixed-voltage gate controller to avoid substrate leakage current. This current cannot be prevented by the conventional dynamic substrate biasing technique when using the high-voltage CMOS process with transistor threshold voltage higher than the turn-on voltage of parasitic diodes. High power conversion efficiency is achieved by 1) substrate leakage current prevention, 2) operating all rectifying transistors as switches with boosted gate control voltages, and 3) compensating the delayed turn-on and preventing reverse leakage current of rectifying switches with the proposed look-ahead comparator. This chip occupies an area of 970 μm × 4500 μm in a 0.18 μ m 32 V HV CMOS process. The quad-voltage timing-control rectifier alone is able to output a high DC voltage at the range of [2.5 V, 25 V]. With this power converter, both bench-top experiment and in-vivo power link test using a rat model were validated.

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“…In this power transmission system, an external controller (EC) outside the body usually includes a coil driver driving a primary coil L P , which inductively couples and powers a secondary coil, L S , located inside each implant [1][2][3]. Although some implants are designed to obtain power directly from the batteries within the implants, these batteries are still required to be recharged wirelessly by the EC [4]. In recent developments, many efforts have been devoted to improve the power reception and the power management within the implants (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1b is presented. Besides the power delivery coil L P , only one discrete capacitor C T is required to power the implants, which have been designed previously to have an operating frequency, f O , at about 120kHz [4]. For higher f O 's (e.g., 13.56MHz), C T can be potentially integrated on-chip for further component reduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A feedback controlled coil driver for transcutaneous power transmission

Lee

2012

Proceedings of the IEEE 2012 Custom Integrated Circuits Conference

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A fully integrated feedback controlled coil driver for transcutaneous power transmission was proposed to power biomedical implants. For a normal power transmission operation, the voltage across the switch that energizes the coil is sampled and compared with ground, followed by an integration to obtain an optimal on-time for the switch such that the coil current was maximized for a given DC input power. The coil driver also provides ASK modulation on the coil current by changing the size of the switch according to the input data. In the normal power transmission operation, a peak-to-peak coil current of ~730mA was obtained with a power dissipation of 71.6mW at 5V.

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A Biomedical Implantable FES Battery-Powered Micro-Stimulator

Cited by 16 publications

References 25 publications

A Discrete Controlled Fully Integrated Class E Coil Driver With Power Efficient ASK Modulation for Powering Biomedical Implants

A Discrete Controlled Fully Integrated Class E Coil Driver With Power Efficient ASK Modulation for Powering Biomedical Implants

An On-Chip Multi-Voltage Power Converter With Leakage Current Prevention Using 0.18 um High-Voltage CMOS Process

A feedback controlled coil driver for transcutaneous power transmission

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