A Biomass Combustion Chamber: Design, Evaluation, and a Case Study of Wheat Straw Combustion Emission Tests

Tian, Jie; Cao, Junji; Han, Yongming; Ni, Haiyan; Chen, L.-W. Antony; Huang, Ru‐Jin; Moosmueller, H.; Watson, John G.

doi:10.4209/aaqr.2015.03.0167

Cited by 84 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…A close replicate of this facility was described previously (Tian et al, 2015) and a detailed discussion of the experimental set up can be found elsewhere (Bhattarai et al, 2018). Fuels were placed on a burn platform that consists of a ceramic disk (d = 45.7 cm) on top of a balance (Veritas L Series Precision Balance, Hogentogler & Co. Inc., Columbia, MD, USA; 0.01 g precision).…”

Section: Biomass-burning Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light absorption by polar and non-polar aerosol compounds from laboratory biomass combustion

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Fresh and atmospherically aged biomass-burning (BB) aerosol mass is mostly comprised of strongly lightabsorbing black carbon (BC) and of organic carbon (OC) with its light-absorbing fraction -brown carbon (BrC). There is a lack of data on the physical and chemical properties of atmospheric BB aerosols, leading to high uncertainties in estimates of the BB impact on air quality and climate, especially for BrC. The polarity of chemical compounds influences their fate in the atmosphere including wet/dry deposition and chemical and physical processing. So far, most of the attention has been given to the water-soluble (polar) fraction of BrC, while the non-polar BrC fraction has been largely ignored. In the present study, the light absorption properties of polar and non-polar fractions of fresh and aged BB emissions were examined to estimate the contribution of differentpolarity organic compounds to the light absorption properties of BB aerosols.In our experiments, four globally and regionally important fuels were burned under flaming and smoldering conditions in the Desert Research Institute (DRI) combustion chamber. To mimic atmospheric oxidation processes (5-7 days), BB emissions were aged using an oxidation flow reactor (OFR). Fresh and OFR-aged BB aerosols were collected on filters and extracted with water and hexane to study absorption properties of polar and non-polar organic species. Results of spectrophotometric measurements (absorption weighted by the solar spectrum and normalized to mass of fuel consumed) over the 190 to 900 nm wavelength range showed that the non-polar (hexane-soluble) fraction is 2-3 times more absorbing than the polar (water-soluble) fraction. However, for emissions from fuels that undergo flaming combustion, an increased absorbance was observed for the water extracts of oxidized/aged emissions while the absorption of the hexane extracts was lower for the aged emissions for the same type of fuels. Absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) values, computed based on absorbance values from spectrophotometer measurements, were changed with aging and the nature of this change was fuel dependent. The light absorption by humic-like substances (HULIS) was found to be higher in fuels characteristic of the southwestern USA. The absorption of the HULIS fraction was lower for OFR-aged BB emissions. Comparison of the light absorption properties of different-polarity extracts (water, hexane, HULIS) provides insight into the chemical nature of BB BrC and its transformation during oxidation processes.

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Section: Biomass-burning Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light absorption by polar and non-polar aerosol compounds from laboratory biomass combustion

et al. 2018

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“…Aerosols originate from both natural (e.g., oceans, volcanic eruptions, wind-blown dust, and forest fires) and anthropogenic (e.g., industrial activities, traffic emissions, fossil-fuel and open burning) sources. Biomass burning (BB) is a significant source of trace gases and particulate matters (PM) in the troposphere (Chang et al, 2015;Tian et al, 2015). Over Southeast Asia, this activity usually peaks in the dry season Hyer and chew, 2010;Permadi and Kim Oanh, 2013;Mahmud, 2013), which includes both forest fires and open burning of crop residues for preparation of planting areas (Chantara et al, 2012;Kim Oanh and Leelasakultum, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Biomass Burning Chemical Components over Northern Southeast Asia during 7-SEAS/BASELInE 2014 Campaign

Khamkaew

Chantara

Janta

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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This study investigates the chemical components of biomass burning (BB) aerosols obtained from Doi Ang Khang (DAK; near BB source) and Chiang Mai University (CMU; an urban location) over northern Southeast Asia in dry season (March to mid-April) 2014. PM 2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 µm) samples were collected over a 24-h sampling period as a part of the Seven South East Asian Studies ) and CMU (90.7-93.1 µg m -3 ) were not significantly different (p > 0.05) and well correlated (r = 0.8), and likely originated from similar source origins. The number of fire hotspots was particularly high during 20-21 March (greater than 200) and, consequently, peaks of PM 2.5 were recorded at both sites. The most abundant elements at both sampling sites were K (49-50% of total elements), Al (26-31%), Mg (16%) and Zn (4-7%), whereas SO 4 2-(30-38% of total ions), NO 3 -(13-20%), Na + (16-20%) and NH 4 + (14-15%) were the most abundant ions. Concentrations of levoglucosan and K + (BB tracers) were well correlated (r = 0.5 for CMU and 0.7 for DAK) confirming that the PM 2.5 detected in these areas were mainly influenced by BB activity. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that BB, road traffic, agricultural activity and soil re-suspension were plausible sources of PM 2.5 over the study locations. Apart from local sources, the influence of long-range transport was also investigated by way of three-day backward trajectory analysis.

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“…Other studies have looked at biomass burning and used varying types of chambers to better understand the impact on the health and the environment (Popovicheva et al, 2015;Tian et al, 2015). In India, a stimulation fire test chamber was constructed and used for testing the emissions from various types of garden biomasses, namely grass, leaves, twigs and their mixtures (Kannan et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission Profiles of PM10-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Biomass Burning Determined in Chamber for Assessment of Air Pollutants from Open Burning

Wiriya

Chantara

Sillapapiromsuk

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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In order to estimate emission factors (EFs) of air pollutants, three types of biomass (rice straw, maize residue and leaf litter) were collected and burnt in a self-designed stainless steel chamber. The EFs of PM 10 from biomass burning were leaf litter (1.22 ± 0.29 g kg dry ). The results revealed that burning of forest leaf litter emitted higher amounts of particulate pollutants than the agricultural residue burning. New values of diagnostic ratios of some PAHs, including FLA/(FLA + PYR, BaA/(BaA + CHR) and IND/(IND + BPER), were proposed to identify biomass burning sources. Emission rates (ERs) of PM 10 and PAHs from biomass burning in Chiang Mai, Thailand were estimated based on the EFs and burning areas recorded in the dry season of 2010 and 2011. The ERs of pollutants from forest burning were found to be much higher than those from agricultural field burning, mainly due to larger burnt areas in the forest. In 2010, PM 10 was mainly emitted from the forest fire (2,250 tons), followed by crop burning (133 tons) and paddy field burning (66.9 tons). The same trend was found in 2011 but with much lower emission rates. The ERs of PAHs from biomass burning were 1,815 kg in 2010 and 416 kg in 2011. The ERs of PM 10 and PAHs in 2011 were 77% decreased from those in 2010 due to unusually high precipitation in the dry season, causing relatively smaller burnt areas and lower pollutant emissions from open burning. It is expected that the results from this study will be significant information for regulatory actions of air quality management in the northern part of Thailand.

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A Biomass Combustion Chamber: Design, Evaluation, and a Case Study of Wheat Straw Combustion Emission Tests

Cited by 84 publications

References 50 publications

Light absorption by polar and non-polar aerosol compounds from laboratory biomass combustion

Light absorption by polar and non-polar aerosol compounds from laboratory biomass combustion

Investigation of Biomass Burning Chemical Components over Northern Southeast Asia during 7-SEAS/BASELInE 2014 Campaign

Emission Profiles of PM10-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Biomass Burning Determined in Chamber for Assessment of Air Pollutants from Open Burning

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