A bioengineering analysis of human muscle and joint forces in the lower limbs during running

Harrison, Robert N.; Lees, Adrian; McCullagh, P.J.; Rowe, W. Brian

doi:10.1080/02640418608732119

Cited by 32 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The joint reaction forces were slightly higher but in the range of those reported by Lu, Chien and Chen [4]. Vertical joint reaction forces were smaller in magnitude than walking [17] and running [18][19][20] for all three joints investigated. The vertical joint reaction forces were highest in the low ramp positions except at the ankle where the forces were greater in the high ramp position but this difference across the ramps was not significant.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 38%

“…Magnitudes were within the range of moments measured during various exercises. In contrast to running where knee moments are almost twice as large as hip moments, the hip joint moments were nearly as high as the net moments observed for the knee joint during the elliptical stride at the low ramp setting [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…The elliptical has an inclination range of 13-40 degrees (CrossRamp® setting [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] and a resistance setting range from levels 1 to 20 (lowest setting used). The model did not have arm levers; thus the movement of the pedals was a result of the lower extremities only.…”

Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Ramp Position on Joint Biomechanics During Elliptical Trainer Exercise

Knutzen¹,

McLaughlin²,

Lawson³

et al. 2014

TOSSJ

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Introduction:The elliptical trainer, developed to simulate running while minimizing joint loads, elicits a unique lower extremity biomechanical response. The purpose of this study was to examine the angular kinematics, peak net joint moments, and peak joint powers at the hip, knee and ankle joints while exercising at three different ramp settings on the elliptical trainer exercise machine (Precor EFX).Methods: Twenty-six healthy individuals with no history of lower extremity injury and with previous experience exercising on an elliptical trainer volunteered for this study. Motion was captured with two cameras as subjects performed exercise at three ramp conditions. The pedal resistance was kept constant at the lowest setting. The pedals of the elliptical were fitted with three orthogonal load cells. Video and force data were synchronized and used to perform a 2D inverse dynamics analysis.Results: As the ramp inclination increased, subjects demonstrated greater amounts of ankle dorsiflexion, knee flexion, hip flexion and lesser degrees of plantar flexion and hip extension (p <.000). Mean peak moments at the ankle joint were not significantly different across the ramp settings, but peak knee extensor and hip flexor moments increased while knee flexor and hip extensor at the hip decreased (p <.000). As the ramp inclination increased, peak positive power at both the knee and hip significantly decreased and negative power decreased at the knee joint (p <.000), though the effect size for these changes was small. Conclusions:The hip and knee joints were observed as the primary sources of power during exercise on the elliptical trainer at the lowest resistance setting.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 38%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

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Influence of Ramp Position on Joint Biomechanics During Elliptical Trainer Exercise

Knutzen¹,

McLaughlin²,

Lawson³

et al. 2014

TOSSJ

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“…Jogging is generally considered a high-impact force with various estimates of knee forces ranging from 7 times body weight [8] up to 22 times body weight [9]. In two subjects implanted with instrumented distal femoral tumor replacement prosthesis, jogging generated peak forces of 3.6 times body weight [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mark Coventry Award: In Vivo Knee Forces During Recreation and Exercise After Knee Arthroplasty

D’Lima

Steklov

Patil

et al. 2008

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

146

102

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Knee forces directly affect arthroplasty component survivorship, wear of articular bearing surfaces, and integrity of the bone-implant interface. It is not known which activities generate forces within a range that is physiologically desirable but not high enough to jeopardize the survivorship of the prosthetic components. We implanted three patients with an instrumented tibial prosthesis and measured knee forces and moments in vivo during exercise and recreational activities. As expected, stationary bicycling generated low tibial forces, whereas jogging and tennis generated high peak forces. On the other hand, the golf swing generated unexpectedly high forces, especially in the leading knee. Exercise on the elliptical trainer generated lower forces than jogging but not lower than treadmill walking. These novel data allow for a more scientific approach to recommending activities after TKA. In addition, these data can be used to develop clinically relevant structural and tribologic testing, which may result in activity-specific knee designs such as a knee design more tolerant of golfing by optimizing the conflicting needs of increased rotational laxity and conformity.

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“…A two-dimensional model (Harrison et al, 1986) developed to estimate muscle and joint forces during running was verified using electromyographic techniques. Results indicated muscle forces in excess of 22 times a subject's body weight.…”

Section: Biomechanics In Relation To Footwear Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of footwear in minimizing lower limb injury

Barnes¹,

Smith²

1994

Journal of Sports Sciences

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The shoe can be thought of as a powerful tool for controlling human movement. A well-designed shoe can assist in reducing the number of lower limb injuries arising from sport and training activities. The purpose of this paper is to present a summary of the main thrusts of research in this field by means of a digest of current thinking and practice. The paper initially presents a survey of work in the biomechanical field with particular reference to the design of footwear. A review of the types of injury acquired by sportsmen in both training and playing is then followed by a discussion of aspects of footwear design and their role in both contributing to and preventing lower limb injury. Finally, the paper considers support and shock absorption techniques in the context of footwear design. It is concluded that research has been wide-ranging and thorough. However, the complexity of the biomechanical system being studied has prevented definitive recommendations for the prevention of injury being made in every case. Nonetheless, it is clear that a number of guiding principles have been established which should be the basis for future developments in footwear design to minimize the chance of lower limb injury.

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A bioengineering analysis of human muscle and joint forces in the lower limbs during running

Cited by 32 publications

References 17 publications

Influence of Ramp Position on Joint Biomechanics During Elliptical Trainer Exercise

Influence of Ramp Position on Joint Biomechanics During Elliptical Trainer Exercise

The Mark Coventry Award: In Vivo Knee Forces During Recreation and Exercise After Knee Arthroplasty

The role of footwear in minimizing lower limb injury

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