“… 22 Besides, Pt/C catalysts used in traditional fuel cells are sometimes also employed at the cathode of EBFCs, 23 , 24 along with notable efforts devoted to developing noble metal free and non-enzymatic catalysts for ORR at physiological pH. 25 , 26 , 27 Figure 2 Working mechanism of a glucose/O 2 EBFC consisting of a GOx (1CF3) bioanode and a BOx (2XLL) biocathode Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is the cofactor of GOx. …”
Section: Fundamentals Of Enzymatic Biofuel Cellsmentioning
“… 22 Besides, Pt/C catalysts used in traditional fuel cells are sometimes also employed at the cathode of EBFCs, 23 , 24 along with notable efforts devoted to developing noble metal free and non-enzymatic catalysts for ORR at physiological pH. 25 , 26 , 27 Figure 2 Working mechanism of a glucose/O 2 EBFC consisting of a GOx (1CF3) bioanode and a BOx (2XLL) biocathode Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is the cofactor of GOx. …”
Section: Fundamentals Of Enzymatic Biofuel Cellsmentioning
“…In addition, any device touching the skin or tissues must be nonbiotoxic to avoid serious immune reactions that could affect its lifetime. Research on biocompatible materials for biofuel cell electrodes [ 97 ] and biothermal and vibration energy harvesters [ 146 , 147 ] has rapidly increased in recent years.…”
Section: Future Challenges and Possible Approachesmentioning
Biomachine hybrid robots have been proposed for important scenarios, such as wilderness rescue, ecological monitoring, and hazardous area surveying. The energy supply unit used to power the control backpack carried by these robots determines their future development and practical application. Current energy supply devices for control backpacks are mainly chemical batteries. To achieve self-powered devices, researchers have developed solar energy, bioenergy, biothermal energy, and biovibration energy harvesters. This review provides an overview of research in the development of chemical batteries and self-powered devices for biomachine hybrid robots. Various batteries for different biocarriers and the entry points for the design of self-powered devices are outlined in detail. Finally, an overview of the future challenges and possible directions for the development of energy supply devices used to biomachine hybrid robots is provided.
“…Au 60 Pt 40 nanoparticles were applied to the surface of carbon black and used as a catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction. Menassol G. et al [14] have investigated an application of iron/nitrogen co-doped reduced graphene oxide (Fe/NrGO) based electrode for cathode of an implantable glucose biofuel cell manufacture. The cathode operation was researched under physiological conditions, and the resulting maximum current density was about 0.3 mA/cm 2 .…”
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