A bioassay technique using tetrahymena pyriformis for the rapid assessment of toxicants in water

Slabbert, J. L.; Morgan, W.S.G.

doi:10.1016/0043-1354(82)90070-7

Cited by 30 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Buzanska and Wheatley (1994) showed that the PP1 and 2 A inhibitor, okadaic acid, both delayed the onset and prolonged cell division in T. pyriformis synchronous cultures in the presence of 2% (v/v) DMSO, due to disturbances in phosphorylation/dephosphorylation processes of importance in cell cycling, and it is likely that inhibition of protein phosphatases in vivo by the MC variants used here was a primary event in the end-points measured. Slabbert and Morgan (1982) reported that different toxicants exert different effects on the respiration rate of T. pyriformis. Some heavy metals (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative toxicity of four microcystins of different hydrophobicities to the protozoan,Tetrahymena pyriformis

Ward

Codd

1999

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Microcystins (MC) are a group of over 60 cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxins produced by cyanobacteria. The 1-octanol/water partition coefficients (log P) of MC-LR, -LY, -LW and -LF have been estimated by HPLC to be 2·16, 2·92, 3·46 and 3·56, respectively. Their in vivo toxicities to Tetrahymena pyriformis was also investigated. Twenty-four hour LC 50 values followed the order MC-LR×-LY×-LW ¼ -LF. The LC 50 values of MC-LR and -LY were significantly reduced in the presence of 1% (v/v) dimethylsulphoxide, although no significant effect occurred with MC-LW or -LF. Tetrahymena pyriformis respiration rates were inhibited by MC-LR in both a time-and dose-dependent manner. Increasing log P of the MC used caused a significantly greater inhibition of respiration. Population growth rate and maximum culture density were inhibited by all MC variants in proportion to log P. Positive correlations between all toxicological endpoints and log P occurred, with the most hydrophobic toxin, MC-LF, being 1·4 to 3·5 times more toxic than MC-LR. MC-LW had a similar toxicity to MC-LF, while MC-LY toxicity was intermediate between that of MC-LR and -LF. Implications of this positive relationship between in vivo toxicity and hydrophobicity for the toxicity of MC to aquatic organisms, and the potential for using log P as a descriptor in a quantitative structureactivity relationship for MC, are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of MC on T. pyriformis respiration rate was determined according to Slabbert and Morgan (1982). A midlog phase culture was washed as described and the culture maintained at 25°C with gentle aeration prior to exposure.…”

Section: Inhibition Of T Pyriformis Respirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative toxicity of four microcystins of different hydrophobicities to the protozoan,Tetrahymena pyriformis

Ward

Codd

1999

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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“…Our results suggest that T. pyriformis promotes the survival of C. jejuni. Indeed, T. pyriformis has the ability to take up oxygen in water (57)(58)(59), thus creating favorable conditions for C. jejuni to survive in the presence of oxygen. Alternatively, MLBs could promote the survival of C. jejuni by excluding oxygen or other potentially harmful factors (i.e., the membranous whorls of MLBs could act as a penetration barrier).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Packaging of Campylobacter jejuni into Multilamellar Bodies by the Ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis

Trigui

Paquet

Charette

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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dCampylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Transmission to humans occurs through consumption of contaminated food or water. The conditions affecting the persistence of C. jejuni in the environment are poorly understood. Some protozoa package and excrete bacteria into multilamellar bodies (MLBs). Packaged bacteria are protected from deleterious conditions, which increases their survival. We hypothesized that C. jejuni could be packaged under aerobic conditions by the amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii or the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis, both of which are able to package other pathogenic bacteria. A. castellanii did not produce MLBs containing C. jejuni. In contrast, when incubated with T. pyriformis, C. jejuni was ingested, packaged in MLBs, and then expelled into the milieu. The viability of the bacteria inside MLBs was confirmed by microscopic analyses. The kinetics of C. jejuni culturability showed that packaging increased the survival of C. jejuni up to 60 h, in contrast to the strong survival defect seen in ciliate-free culture. This study suggests that T. pyriformis may increase the risk of persistence of C. jejuni in the environment and its possible transmission between different reservoirs in food and potable water through packaging. Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide and a major public health problem (1-3). Severe symptoms of C. jejuni infection include high fever, watery to bloody diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting (4). In severe cases, C. jejuni is associated with serious postinfectious complications, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome (5, 6).Despite causing a serious disease in humans, C. jejuni is usually viewed as commensal in chickens (7) and livestock animals such as cattle (8) and pigs (9). Once these animals are colonized with Campylobacter spp., they excrete large numbers of the microorganisms in their feces and commonly contaminate different aquatic habitats, such as surface waters close to farming activities, agricultural runoff, wastewater effluent, sewage, and marine environments (10). Numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated that water is not only a significant reservoir of C. jejuni but also an important factor for the spread of C. jejuni in farms, throughout flocks, and in slaughterhouses (11-15).C. jejuni requires a microaerobic environment (80% N 2 , 10% CO 2 , 5% H 2 , and 5% O 2 ) (16) and a narrow range of temperatures (37 to 43°C) for optimal growth (17). Because of the constraints imposed by its sensitivity to oxygen, C. jejuni is considered less able to tolerate environmental stress than other foodborne pathogens (18). Once outside the host, however, the interaction of C. jejuni with other microorganisms could help it survive high concentrations of oxygen and other environmental stresses.Since the study by Snelling et al. (19), in which Campylobacter and protozoa were isolated from the same broiler drinking water systems, the potential interactions between these microorganisms have been investigate...

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“…The growth of T. thermophila may indicate the status of aquatic environment. This combination of features has allowed this microorganism to be used as a pharmacological tool in different bioassay techniques to detect toxicants (Schultz et al, 1989;Slabbert and Morgan, 1982). Furthermore, as a reference test species (Protoxkit F TM , 1998), protozoan T. thermophila shows no correlation with any of the bioassay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microcalorimetric investigation of the toxic action of Cr(VI) on the metabolism of Tetrahymena thermophila BF5 during growth

Zheng

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2006

Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology

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A bioassay technique using tetrahymena pyriformis for the rapid assessment of toxicants in water

Cited by 30 publications

References 12 publications

Comparative toxicity of four microcystins of different hydrophobicities to the protozoan,Tetrahymena pyriformis

Comparative toxicity of four microcystins of different hydrophobicities to the protozoan,Tetrahymena pyriformis

Packaging of Campylobacter jejuni into Multilamellar Bodies by the Ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis

Microcalorimetric investigation of the toxic action of Cr(VI) on the metabolism of Tetrahymena thermophila BF5 during growth

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