A bio-based hyperbranched flame retardant for epoxy resins

Zhang, Junheng; Mi, Xiaoqian; Chen, Shiyuan; Xu, Zejun; Zhang, Daohong; Miao, Menghe; Wang, Junsheng

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2019.122719

Cited by 221 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…However, there is a new absorption peak at 924 cm −1 , which can be attributed to the vibration absorption of the POPh bond. The POPh bond can be produced during the decomposition of HTP‐6123 at temperatures lower than 400°C, and further increases at temperatures higher than 450°C may be produced by the reaction of decomposing products of polyphosphate from the DOPO ring with other pyrolysis products (phenol or bisphenol) . From the absorbance analysis, it can be found that the amount of pyrolysis products of EP/HTP‐6123‐P‐0.9 is less than that of EP/HTP‐6123‐P‐0.9.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ethyl‐bridged diphenylphosphine oxide on flame retardancy and thermal properties of epoxy resin

Wei

Liu

et al. 2020

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Three commercialized flame retardants, 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphinoyl)ethane (EDPO), 6,6-(1,2-phenethyl)bis-6H-dibenz[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphorin-6,6-dioxide (HTP-6123), and hexa-phenoxy-cyclotriphosphazene (HPCTP), were used to prepare the flame retardant diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy resin (EP) under the same experimental conditions. The effects of T g , thermal stability, and water absorption properties of EP caused by the three flame retardants were investigated and compared, together with their flame retardant efficiency. Results showed that the introduction of the three flame retardants improved the flame retardant performance of EP but led to decreases in T g and decomposition temperature. EDPO showed higher flame retardant efficiency than the other two flame retardants. EP/EDPO showed higher thermal stability, better flame retardant performance, higher T g value, and lower water absorption than EP/HTP-6123 and EP/HPCTP. The study discovered that EDPO and HTP-6123 primarily act through the gas phase flame retardant mechanism, while HPCTP is primarily driven by the condensed phase mechanism. K E Y W O R D S diphenylphosphine oxide, DOPO, epoxy resin, flame retardant, hexa-phenoxycyclotriphosphazene

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ethyl‐bridged diphenylphosphine oxide on flame retardancy and thermal properties of epoxy resin

Wei

Liu

et al. 2020

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…First, in the PreEP/CE system, with the increase of PEA content, there are longer epoxy molecular chains (PreEP) in the system. These molecular chains are more likely to migrate at lower temperatures, [33,41,48] which is why the system's E' 182 C value (Figure 5b and Table 1) continues to decrease. Second, there are fewer ethylene oxide groups in PreEP, which decreases the chemical connection between the PreEP phase and the CE phase in the system.…”

Section: 4 | Dynamic Mechanical Properties Of Preep/cementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This happens because the PreEP molecular chain was more likely to migrate at low temperatures to reduce T g1. [33,41,48] Meanwhile, the PreEP phase and the CE phase were chemically linked to reduce T g2 . Besides, the half-peak width of the PreEP/CE system was higher than that of CE and EP/CE, indicating that the molecular chain flexibility of PreEP/CE was higher than that of CE and EP/CE.…”

Section: 4 | Dynamic Mechanical Properties Of Preep/cementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[27,30] Furthermore, an inferior toughening effect can be realized with a non-phase separated structure by simply blending CE with polymers like epoxy. [31][32][33][34][35][36] This is due to its excellent mechanical properties, its affordability, and the fact that it does not release small molecules. [33][34][35][36] The epoxy groups will react with the CE's triazine ring, hindering the formation of the phase-separated structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[31][32][33][34][35][36] This is due to its excellent mechanical properties, its affordability, and the fact that it does not release small molecules. [33][34][35][36] The epoxy groups will react with the CE's triazine ring, hindering the formation of the phase-separated structure. [10,32,37,38] Therefore, the toughening effect of cyanate resin modified by epoxy resin is greatly limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Improving the toughness of polycyanate ester by adding epoxy pre‐polymer with different molecular weights

Huang

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The toughness of polycyanate ester is improved by adding epoxy pre‐polymer with varying molecular weights. The curing mechanism of epoxy prepolymer (PreEP) and cyanate ester (CE) is discussed based on differential scanning calorimeters and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. The mechanical, phase separated structures and thermal properties of PreEP/CE are also evaluated. It is found that the molecular weight of PreEP can reach 1,800 when it is cured at 90°C for 45 min by using a set amount of polyetheramine. Meanwhile, by increasing the molecular weight of the prepolymer, the mechanical properties of PreEP/CE show increased first, and then decreased. 0.2 PreEP/CE has the highest bending strength and impact strength (105.8 MPa and 18.3 kJ·m−2). There are 26.7 and 114.5% higher than those of polycyanate ester, respectively. The tougher PreEP/CE is attributable to the phase‐separated structures and the decrease in the cross‐linked product (Oxazolidinone) in PreEP and CE. The method showed in this article provides a new way to improve the toughness properties of thermoset resin.

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Hyperbranched Dynamic Crosslinking Networks Enable Degradable, Reconfigurable, and Multifunctional Epoxy Vitrimer

Zhang,

Yan,

et al. 2023

Advanced Science

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Degradation and reprocessing of thermoset polymers have long been intractable challenges to meet a sustainable future. Star strategies via dynamic cross‐linking hydrogen bonds and/or covalent bonds can afford reprocessable thermosets, but often at the cost of properties or even their functions. Herein, a simple strategy coined as hyperbranched dynamic crosslinking networks (HDCNs) toward in‐practice engineering a petroleum‐based epoxy thermoset into degradable, reconfigurable, and multifunctional vitrimer is provided. The special characteristics of HDCNs involve spatially topological crosslinks for solvent adaption and multi‐dynamic linkages for reversible behaviors. The resulting vitrimer displays mild room‐temperature degradation to dimethylacetamide and can realize the cycling of carbon fiber and epoxy powder from composite. Besides, they have supra toughness and high flexural modulus, high transparency as well as fire‐retardancy surpassing their original thermoset. Notably, it is noted in a chance‐following that ethanol molecule can induce the reconstruction of vitrimer network by ester‐exchange, converting a stiff vitrimer into elastomeric feature, and such material records an ultrahigh modulus (5.45 GPa) at −150 °C for their ultralow‐temperature condition uses. This is shaping up to be a potentially sustainable advanced material to address the post‐consumer thermoset waste, and also provide a newly crosslinked mode for the designs of high‐performance polymer.

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A bio-based hyperbranched flame retardant for epoxy resins

Cited by 221 publications

References 52 publications

Effect of ethyl‐bridged diphenylphosphine oxide on flame retardancy and thermal properties of epoxy resin

Effect of ethyl‐bridged diphenylphosphine oxide on flame retardancy and thermal properties of epoxy resin

Improving the toughness of polycyanate ester by adding epoxy pre‐polymer with different molecular weights

Hyperbranched Dynamic Crosslinking Networks Enable Degradable, Reconfigurable, and Multifunctional Epoxy Vitrimer

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