A Bifactor and item response analysis of the geriatric anxiety inventory

Molde, Helge; Hynninen, Kia Minna; Torsheim, Torbjørn; Bendixen, Anette; Engedal, Knut; Pachana, Nancy A.; Nordhus, Inger Hilde

doi:10.1017/s1041610217001004

Cited by 16 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Marvardi et al in assessing the psychometric properties of the CBI in Alzheimer’s elderly caregivers in Italy showed that CBI consisted of four factors [ 9 ]. Molde et al pointed out that different factor structures observed in several studies might be due to different reasons including cultural issues, linguistic aspects, and sample characteristics [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychometric characteristics of the Iranian Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI) in caregivers of elderly patients with Alzheimer

Shafiezadeh

Heravi‐Karimooi

Mirzaee

et al. 2020

Health Qual Life Outcomes

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Background: It is essential to better understand the caregiving burden and its determinants to support caregivers. The aim of this study was to test the validity and reliability (internal consistency) of the caregiver burden inventory (CBI) in Iranian caregivers of elderly patients with Alzheimer. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted to translate and validate the CBI in Iran. The structural validity of the scale was evaluated by exploratory factor analysis. The concurrent validity was tested correlating the CBI scores with the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores. The internal consistency reliability was assessed using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Results: In total, we enrolled 315 caregivers of elderly patients with Alzheimer disease (79% women, mean age 56.5 ± 13.9). The structural validity of the CBI as assessed by exploratory factor analysis indicated three factors (emotional/psychological, time-dependence and physical burden) that jointly explained 45.21% of the total variance observed. The Pearson correlation coefficient for the relationship between the scores obtained on the Caregiver Burden Inventory and the BAI and the BDI were 0.69 and 0.49 respectively, confirming the concurrent validity. The Cronbach's alpha for the CBI was 0.91 ranging from 0.78 to 0.92 for its subscales. Conclusion: Used in clinical practice and research, the CBI was verified to be a proper multidimensional instrument for evaluating the burden in caregivers of elderly patients with Alzheimer disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychometric characteristics of the Iranian Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI) in caregivers of elderly patients with Alzheimer

Shafiezadeh

Heravi‐Karimooi

Mirzaee

et al. 2020

Health Qual Life Outcomes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…There is also a study that identifies a four-factor structure for the questionnaire when it was applied in a population of older Americans [49]. Molde et al argued that different factor structures observed in several studies might be due to different reasons such as cultural issues, linguistic aspects, and sample characteristics [50].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Iranian version of geriatric anxiety inventory (GAI-P): a validation study

Bandari

Heravi‐Karimooi

Miremadi

et al. 2019

Health Qual Life Outcomes

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Background Anxiety is one of the most common mental health problems experienced by the elderly that affects quality of life. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI-P) in order to provide a valid instrument for measuring anxiety in this population. Methods Forward-backward translation was used to translate the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory from English into Persian and was tested by 10 elderly to assess its face validity. Then a sample of elderly people attending health centers in Dezful, Iran completed the questionnaire. Validity was assessed using both exploratory and confirmatory factors analysis, known-groups comparison (abused and non-abused elderly) also was administered. The internal consistency of the instrument was assessed using Kuder-Richardson 20 coefficients (KR-20). Afterwards, the reliability and validity through assessing the correlation between the Persian version of the GAI-P and the SF-36, were measured. Results In all 720 elderly completed the questionnaire. Of these data from 420 elderly were used for exploratory factor analysis and the data from the remaining 300 elderly were used for confirmatory factor analysis. The exploratory factor analysis showed a three-factor solution (cognitive, arousal and somatic) for the questionnaire that jointly explained 59.48% of the overall variance observed. The confirmatory factor analysis supported the three-factor solution and the second-order latent factor model. The findings indicated a positive and significant correlation between the two measures lending support to its concurrent validity (r = 0.67, p < .001).Ultimately, the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory was found to have a favorable internal consistency. Conclusion This study confirmed that the GAI-P is a valid measure of anxiety in elderly population and now can be used in geriatric studies in Iran.

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“…The one-factor model was confirmed by Johnco et al among 256 community-dwelling old adults in Australia [13], among older people living in Beijing communities [14] and among institutionalized old population in Portugal using both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) [15]. The unidimensionality was further supported by Molde et al among psychogeriatric mixed in-and-out Norwegian patients using the bifactor analysis [11]. Although the one-factor model obtained most empirical support, two-, three-, and four-factor solutions also emerged in the current literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Factor structure is essential in understanding, scoring, and interpreting the responses on the GAI [11]. The GAI was developed as a measure of a unidimensional construct [3, 12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Item response analysis of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory among the elderly in China: dimensionality and differential item functioning test

Zhao

Sheng

et al. 2019

BMC Geriatr

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BackgroundAnxiety symptoms are pervasive among elderly populations around the world. The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (the GAI) has been developed and widely used in screening those suffering from severe symptoms. Although debates about its dimensionality have been mostly resolved by Molde et al. (2019) with bifactor modeling, evidence regarding its measurement invariance across sex and somatic diseases is still missing.MethodsThis study attempted to provide complemental evidence to the dimensionality debates of the GAI with Mokken scale analysis and to examine its measurement invariance across sex and somatic diseases by conducting differential item functioning (DIF) analysis among a sample of older Chinese adults. The data was from responses of a large representative sample (N = 1314) in the Chinese National Survey Data Archive, focusing on the mental health of elderly adults.ResultsThe results of Mokken scale analysis confirmed the unidimensionality of the GAI, and DIF analysis indicated measurement invariance of this inventory across individuals with different sex and somatic diseases, with just a few items exhibiting item bias but all of them negligible.ConclusionsAll these findings supported the use of this inventory among Chinese elders to screen anxiety symptoms and to make comparisons across sex and somatic diseases.

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A Bifactor and item response analysis of the geriatric anxiety inventory

Cited by 16 publications

References 31 publications

Psychometric characteristics of the Iranian Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI) in caregivers of elderly patients with Alzheimer

Psychometric characteristics of the Iranian Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI) in caregivers of elderly patients with Alzheimer

The Iranian version of geriatric anxiety inventory (GAI-P): a validation study

Item response analysis of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory among the elderly in China: dimensionality and differential item functioning test

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