“…Ilyanassa obsoleta adults obtained from the Marine Resources Center (Marine Biological Laboratories, Woods Hole, MA, USA) were kept in 76 l tanks (ASW, Instant Ocean) with 3 cm of aquarium rock substrate, sponge filtration and bubbler aeration at room temperature (RT, 23±1 ° C) and fed frozen clam meat every other day. Embryos were collected from newly deposited egg capsules as described previously ( Collier, 1981 ), and cultured at 23±1 ° C in groups of three to 15 in 35 mm plastic Petri dishes with 2-3 ml of 0.2 μm-filtered artificial sea water (FASW, Instant Ocean). For longer incubation, penicillin (100 U/ml) and streptomycin (200 μg/ml) were added, and embryos were moved to fresh FASW in a new dish every 2 days ( Gharbiah et al, 2009 ).…”